Well, we continue today in the book of Hebrews and in chapter 11, the hall of faith. And we've been working our way through that list of ten Faith achievements. Found in verses 33, 34, and the first part of verse 35. Which tells us these heroes of faith through faith. subdued kingdoms.
worked righteousnesses. Obtain promises. Stop the mouths of lions. quench the violence of fire, escape the edge of the sword, out of weakness were made strong. became valiant in battle.
Turned to flight the armies of the aliens, Women received their dead raised to life again. Faith can achieve great things, and here's a list of ten of them, and we've been looking at them one by one. because this is really right down where the rubber meets the road. And we're not talking about faith theoretically, we're talking about faith practically. And what it did achieve in the lives of these people listed.
in Hebrews chapter 11. But what it can also achieve in our lives as we exercise faith in God. Faith. can overcome enemies. Can help us live righteously.
can obtain God's promises. can defeat malicious Schemes. can escape irrational anger. can overcome targeted destruction. And now today we take numbers Seven and eight.
Found in verse 34. and we shall learn two more things that faith can accomplish. And the first one from verse 34 is, Out of weakness were made strong.
Some of these people that are listed in Hebrews 11. experienced unusual strength They're replaced, they are normal. and understandable weakness.
Now the question is, what situations does that particular phrase address? Because it could be understood broadly, it can be understood narrowly. Out of weakness were made strong. And broadly, that can apply to everyone who overcame some difficulty or another. in order to achieve victory.
We think of Samson, who Really, from all we can tell, he was a very normal person. He wasn't a huge giant. He wasn't a Muscle bound Wrestler, he was a normal person, but the strength of God came upon him, or the Spirit of God came upon him. and gave him supernatural strength. That's a pretty obvious example of what this may be talking about.
out of weakness were made strong. And yet Broadly, it can apply to a lot more things as well. Others who received supernatural strength. to achieve whatever they needed to do. supernatural strength to achieve victory in battle.
supernatural strength to deal with difficult situations of one kind or another. Broadly, that's what this phrase may be speaking about or It may be understood and may be intended to be understood more narrowly. Out of weakness were made strong. That is out of Physical weakness gained physical health. In other words, Healing.
And I'm going to take it in that light today. Because So many of the other phrases can deal with these other situations, but this is one that we have not considered specifically before. Out of illness. Out of physical decline. Through the exercise of faith, some achieved Physical strength, physical healing.
And who did this?
Well, in the Old Testament, you'll find a number of people that that could apply to, particularly those who were ministered to by various of the prophets. And remember that list of Six people lumped together in verse 32 ends with the general reference to the prophets. At the end of the verse, What more shall I say? For the time would fail to tell me of Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, David, Samuel, and... The prophets.
And so we are to consider the ministry of the prophets and the various people that they ministered to. And in that realm, there are a number of candidates for what I am suggesting. that this phrase is talking about physical healing. But I will take up one in particular, the one we read about in 2 Kings. chapters 18 and 20 this morning, namely King Hezekiah.
who under the ministry of the prophet Isaiah gained strength. gained physical renewal. gained healing when he was about to die. He went from severe physical weakness to remarkable strength. He was healed from a terminal illness.
He had a disease and the pronouncement was Set your house in order, for you are going to die. And yep. As the account goes on. He turned to God in prayer. He believed the word of God in faith, and his life was extended for 15 more years.
He received. divine healing Through faith. through believing the promises of God. He prayed. He believed.
and he received healing. How does this apply to us, however? And this is one of those areas where we struggle. Because we're not always sure how to understand the promises of God in regard to physical healing.
So, let me say a number of things that I hope will be helpful in this regard. Number one, God is able to heal All diseases And all debilitating physical conditions. He's able to do that. In other words, the Bible accounts of healing, of restorations, of restoring. Um Lame limbs and giving sight to people who were born blind.
All those things are true. They happened. God did them. The question is: Does God do them now? That's the question that we are faced with, but.
There's no question in my mind, and I trust none in yours. that these are true accounts of healing. that took place. God does, however, not promise. to heal all diseases.
And that is also evident from the Word of God. A lot of examples of that that would be helpful to us, but take the account of the Apostle Paul. Who himself had the supernatural power of healing, the gift of healing. one of the gifts of the spirit that was in operation in that first century. He healed many people.
In fact, So great was the power of healing upon his life that people could just touch his garments at times and would be healed thereby. The same with Peter. And yet, speaking of Paul, We read about a time in his life in 2 Corinthians chapter 12. when he says, Unlest I should be exalted above measure, By the abundance of the Revelations, this comes after his account. of his going to heaven.
And giving a glimpse of heaven and then coming back, but forbidden to talk about what he saw. Which makes me a little bit skeptical about the people today who claim to come back from heaven and write books about it and sell the books to tell people what they saw. And I wonder. Why did God not let Paul tell what he saw and God says go to it to these others i don't know that's that's another subject But anyway, I go back to 2 Corinthians 7. Lest I should be exalted above measure by the abundance of the revelations.
A thorn In the flesh. was given to me. A messenger of Satan. to buffet me. lest I be exalted above measure.
Concerning this thing, I pleaded with the Lord three times that it might depart from me. And he said to me, My grace is sufficient for you. My strength is made perfect in weakness. Therefore, Most gladly, I would rather boast in my infirmities that the power of Christ may rest upon me. Therefore, I take pleasure in infirmities.
In reproaches, in needs, and persecutions, in distresses for Christ's sake. For when I am weak, then I am strong. We're not told what this physical condition was described here as a thorn in the flesh. But it's clearly something in the body, a thorn in the flesh.
Now those who Falsely teach that if we have enough faith, we can be healed of anything and should be healed of everything, that nothing is un unhealable if we have enough faith. They have a little trouble with this passage. I even read one explanation that says, well, it says thorn in the flesh, but it doesn't really mean thorn in the flesh. This was. A disturbance of Paul's Mind, a mental disturbance, an emotional.
A thorn of some kind, no. It was a thorn in the body. It was a debilitating physical condition. And the great Apostle Paul, with all of the healing power he had to dispense to others at times, though not at all times. He couldn't heal.
At all times, he told Timothy You take a little wine for your stomach sneak. He didn't heal Timothy of his stomach problems. and others like that, that you can read about. But even the great apostle Paul, with all of the healing power that God gave to him, could not. prevail upon God to heal him in this situation.
He went unhealed.
So, God does not promise to heal all diseases, but He does heal some diseases, and the question comes back to us then once again. How do we know which ones? And how do we address this particular situation?
Well, I furthermore will say to you that God usually uses normal medical treatment. to heal. When he does heal. though there are times when he will bypass that. and heal people apart from normal medical Treatments.
Sometimes the treatments are Are insufficient, and then God will heal, and the glory goes to Him because medicine did everything they could do and could not heal. Have I told you the story about the flood that happened and People were scrambling to get to safety, and a man climbed up on his roof, and along came a Boat and said, climb into the boat. We're here to rescue. And he said, no, no. I'm a Christian, I'm waiting for God to heal me or to rescue me.
And uh He drowned and he went to heaven. And Peter, the story goes, says, Why did you drown? He said, Why didn't you. Perform a miracle. I was trusting you for a miracle.
And Peter said, Didn't you see that boat I sent to you? Yeah. Didn't you see that doctor I sent you to? Didn't you believe in the normal means of? of medicine that God often uses to bring about healing.
So God usually, if he's going to heal, uses normal medicine to accomplish that. God on some occasions will bypass those normal medical treatments and heal directly. But the fact of the matter is, faith honors God by appealing to His power and His mercy. And now I will turn to a number of incidents in the Gospels. about Christ's healing Record, he healed so many people.
In fact, when I was going through the Gospels to try to figure out which ones to select for this sermon. I was just astonished with how many examples there are. And every one of them is somewhat different in details, and yet. They all basically teach the same truth, and so I'm going to try to. Try to make that clear by starting with this one in Matthew chapter.
Nine. When Jesus departed from there. Two blind men followed him. crying out and saying, Son of David. Have mercy on us.
Keep that word mercy in mind. They were appealing. to Christ for mercy. Have mercy upon us. And when he had come into the house, the blind men came to him, and Jesus said to them, Believe that I am able, do you believe that I am able to do this?
They said to him, Yes, Lord.
Now here's the faith in his power. Have mercy on us, that's our appeal. Do you believe I'm able? Yes, we have faith in your power to do this. We're awaiting the verdict of your will.
Is it your will to do this? We know you can. The question is, do you choose to? Then he touched their eyes, saying, According to your faith, Let it be to you. And he healed them.
Or this account in Matthew chapter 15. I love this account, there's so many lessons here. Then Jesus went out from there and departed into the region of Tyre and Sidon. He's up in Gentile territory now. in what is now Lebanon.
And behold, a woman of Canaan came from that region and cried out to him, saying, Have mercy on me, O Lord, son of David. My daughter is severely demon-possessed. But he answered her not a word. And his disciples came and urged him, saying, Send her away. For she cries out after us.
She won't stop crying for mercy. And he answered and said, I was not sent, except to the lost sheep, of the house of Israel. An impediment. In other words, what makes you think that my healing ministry applies to you? I was sent to the house of Israel, not to the Gentiles.
But she came and worshipped him, saying, Lord, help me, appealing again to his mercy. But he answered and said, It is not good to take the children's bread and throw it to the dogs. That's insulting. I hope you understand how insulting this was. He was calling her a dog.
a Gentile dog. And it's not suitable. to take the children's bread and give it to the dogs. And she said, And what would you have said in that situation?
Well, if that's the way he's going to talk to me, I'm not going to stay around here and listen to this. I'm not going to let him insult me this way. But no, she wanted something that only Christ could give her, and she wasn't going to let pride stand in the way. She stayed right there and said, Lord, Yet even the little dogs eat the crumbs which fall from the master's table. She wasn't going to be turned away.
She's appealing to mercy. Then Jesus answered and said to her, O woman, great is your faith. Let it be to you as you desire. and her daughter was healed from that very hour. She appealed to his mercy, she believed in his power, and she received.
the guarantee that he was willing to heal her daughter. One more. will suffice and then we'll move on. But this one in Luke chapter 5 And it happened when he was in a certain city that behold a man who was full of leprosy saw Jesus and fell on his face implored him, saying, Lord. If you are willing, you can make me clean.
There you find. the will and the power together, right, side by side. in that one statement. Lord, if you are willing, that's what he didn't know. Is he willing to do this?
Lord, if you are willing, you can make me clean. No question about his ability, no question about his power. He had complete faith that Christ was able to do this, but he had no. Assurance that Christ was willing to do this, but that's what he's appealing to. Are you willing?
Lord, if you are willing, you can make me clean. Then Jesus put out his hand and touched him, saying, I am willing. Be cleansed. immediately The leprosy. Left hip.
I hope that's sufficient to make the point. Faith honors God. Not as some of the People who misunderstand this.
Some of the faith healers and so forth of our day. Imply that if you have enough faith, you can make it happen. that you can command God. And if you don't get healed, it's because you don't have enough faith. No, no, no, that's not what the Bible teaches.
That's not what the Bible teaches. The Bible teaches that our faith is in his ability. He has the power to do this, but is this his will?
Sometimes it is, sometimes it's not. And faith honors God by appealing to His power and His mercy. And faith honors God by submitting to His sovereign will. If it be your will. I know you can heal me.
That's the right attitude. And then we wait. Is it? is will. It is our desire, it is our hope.
But it is not our assurance until He demonstrates that. Of course, many of you know that in my life in 1984, I came down with rather serious cancer. And My life was in jeopardy. And the treatment was severe. And the question was: would the treatment be used by God to heal?
And the answer? Which is yes, here I am. all these years later. And God was so kind to me. to heal me of that treatment and to outlive what the doctors predicted.
Who said, yes, you'll probably survive the cancer, but the treatment is so serious. It'll damage so many of your organs that you probably won't live much past the age of 60. And so the clock was ticking and came to 60 and I said, well, is it time? Am I going to see the Lord? And sixty Passed and 65 came, and we'll thank you, Lord, for extending it.
And 70 came, and thank you, Lord, for extending it, and 75 came, and thank you, Lord, for extending it. Ne next no, next month, April rather, I'll be 78. The Lord demonstrated that He was willing. He was able. But is he willing?
Yes. In that case, he was willing.
Now we await the verdict. for our daughter Jessica. She has a serious brain tumor. Medicine is doing all it can do. And they are helping some.
But is it God's will? to heal her? Will he use these medical treatments to heal her? We don't know. We appeal to him.
We don't apologize for praying, God, heal her. God, please heal her. We don't apologize for praying that way, but we know full well. that God may or may not answer that prayer. That may not be his will.
We are confident that he can. and we wait to see what he shall do. Not too long after I was demonstrating by that I had survived my cancer. I was contacted by A pastor from another city who had the same cancer I had. He was not doing as well as I had done.
And he appealed to me to Introduced me to my doctor at Duke. He thought perhaps He wasn't getting the best treatment. that was available and I was glad to do that and was thankful that I was able to do that. and actually went down with him for his first visit to that doctor. And as it turned out, it was too progressed.
It had gone too far. And the doctor said, if you had come to me sooner, I think. I could have helped you. but I don't think there's enough time. And within a couple of months he died.
But here's what I wanted you to know. His wife told me this. She said The Lord has revealed to me that he's going to heal my husband. And he died.
Now I caution you. Right in that area. Because I hear that kind of language a lot. The Lord told me this, the Lord told me that. I've heard it many times over the years.
I've heard, I don't know how many people tell me, the Lord told me this. And it didn't happen. The Lord told me that, and it did the opposite. Be very suspicious of these. People who tell you the Lord told them this or that.
I don't say Tell them it's a lie. Let them figure out what it is, but just don't be too. Um impressed. With that kind of language, and don't be deceived by it yourself. You say, Well, I felt so strongly in my heart that the Lord told me this, but you have no way of knowing it was the Lord.
We have impressions, we have thoughts, we have our own desires, and they are impossible to sort out. with what God may be leading or or in revealing to us and he does. He does lead us. He does reveal things to us. But it's very difficult.
To know when you have those kind of impressions whether they are of the Lord or not. The only Revelation from God that we can be absolutely certain of is found in the pages of this book. If it's in here. You know it to be true. As long as you are understanding it correctly, as long as you're not taking it out of context and misinterpreting it.
But if it's not in the book, In other words, let me put it this way. If God revealed that to you, that's divine revelation. We should be adding more chapters in the book past the book of Revelation, shouldn't we? This is God's word. Like God spoke to John to write the book of Revelation.
Now God's speaking to you and giving you divine revelation.
Well, quick, let's write it down. That's the word of the living God. But of course, Nobody I've never heard anybody claim to do that, want to do that. They understand, well, it's not quite on that level. It's not that much revelation.
Oh, in other words. It's divine revelation that may be Mistaken. It's divine revelation that may be wrong. Is that possible that God could be wrong? Is it possible that God could be mistaken?
Is it really divine revelation? Because if it's divine revelation, it's going to come to pass exactly as spoken. You see what I'm saying? Be cautious. about that sort of thing.
But faith. is able To believe God, the promises that are in His Word, there are many promises that are there. And many of them apply to physical needs and situations. Find those that are truly the word of God that is applicable in your situation. Hold on to those with all you've got.
Believe them with all your heart and go to God in prayer and see what He may do. God can heal, God does heal, but it's not always His will to heal. Leave the verdict with Him. Praise Him and honor Him and glorify Him, whether in health or in sickness, whether in healing or in death. Give God the glory.
It's his sovereign will. Let him determine what he is going to do. You can't stop him anyway, but be submitted to it. All right, so that's the first one. What are we talking about?
Another example. Of what? faith can accomplish in our lives. And the first one is: faith can produce divine healing. Faith can obtain divine healing.
Out of weakness we're made strong. But a second one we're going to deal with today. And that is, faith can conquer common fears. That's also in verse 34. Out of weakness were made strong, and then this.
became Valiant in battle. became valiant in battle. Now, there are a number of these that pertain to battle and warfare in one way or another. But they're not all alike. We might want to lump them all together, but they're not all alike.
Well, there's one that follows this one. It says in verse 34, Became valiant in battle, and then, right after that, turned to flight the armies of the aliens. But notice, carefully as you look at it. That the one we're dealing with now deals with our actions and response and. and how we perform in the battle.
The next one deals with the outcome. What happens? in a victorious Conquering within battle. But here the emphasis is upon our behavior in the midst of battle. Became valiant in battle, became strong in battle, became courageous in the midst of battle.
In other words, faith can conquer common fears. Because the common thing for nearly everybody is, if you're going into battle, you do so with fear and trepidation. But God can make us so courageous that we can go into battle. without fear. We can be made valiant.
In a situation that would normally make us exceedingly fearful. That's what this is teaching.
Now who did this?
Well many. Several on the list. refer to military conflicts. Five of the six in verse 32, the six that are named in verse 32, have to do with military conflicts. But what exactly did they do?
And in this phrase, they faced. Warfare with courage. They obtained courage to confront a frightening situation and by. The exercise of faith, they overcame their normal fears. How do they do this?
Through faith. Many of them were directly commanded by God to enter battle.
So far. Samson was commissioned. To do warfare with the Philistines. God told him to do that. He had confidence that God.
would enable him to do that successfully and he did so by all evidence without fear. And others of these were commanded to go to battle against various enemies of Israel. And having that commission given to them by God, they knew that God had commanded it, and they knew that God, in most cases, had guaranteed a victory if they would obey. And so they went into battle courageously, fearlessly, and saw God's promise come to pass in their lives. They overcame normal fear.
Through faith. They believed the revelation of God that was given to them. and they acted accordingly. with with faith, with fresh courage.
Now how does this apply to us?
Well, it's obvious that fear is a common human condition. All of us have fears at times.
Some of us Have fears a lot.
Some people never live a day of their lives when they aren't experiencing fear about something or another. Fear is a common human condition. And it often impedes action. It often causes us to fail to act in the way we should. it often will cause us to fail to obey God.
in areas where he has told us what he wants us to do. Fear often defeats wholehearted devotion to the Lord, and this is why. It must be conquered, and this text is telling us that by faith it can be conquered. We, like they, can become valiant. in whatever battles God has put us in.
Faith can enable us to overcome our fears, whatever they may be. And so think about that for a moment. What are you afraid of? What what what fears enter your mind?
Some are exceedingly afraid. of death. I wouldn't think That a true child of God would have a great fear of death, at least, not. The inevitable result of death, that is, absence from the body, present with the Lord. But there still may be fear of the process of death, of going through that period between this life and the life to come.
And The pain and the agony and the Often the suffering And the um frightening situation of going into In a sense, going into the unknown, even though we do know from the Bible what awaits us on the other side, we only know just a little bit about it. We don't know the details. We're not familiar with the life to come in the same way that we're familiar with this life that we have lived for all of these years and we know a great deal about. And so we can be. Fearful of death.
But we shouldn't be. There's a lot of promises that God has given us regarding that. Particularly, the ones that tell us that it's better to be with the Lord than to be here. To go and be with Christ, said Paul in Philippians chapter 1, is not a little bit better, far better. Far better.
That's what the Bible says. Do you believe it? We're talking about faith. Do you believe it? Do you believe that it's better to be with the Lord in heaven than to be living upon the earth?
If you believe that, then you're. Anxiety will be lessened greatly, if not completely. And you're Um Your Insistence on you must be healed from a disease will diminish because. You will agree with Paul. That the disease very well may be taking you to a better result, to a better place.
That's what the Bible says, and if you believe it, Then fear of that disease taking your life will not be so.
so great after all, will it?
So, death is a fear that a lot of people have. What else do you fear? You might fear your loss of a job.
Some of you have been in situations where you did lose jobs, and others of you. Have been, and maybe even now, in a situation where you see the possibility of that, and it brings a certain amount of fear. What will I do if I lose my job? What if I can't get another one? What is going to befall me in this situation?
That is a normal fear. And in times like that, we have to fall back upon the revelation of God. God doesn't tell us in His word whether you will or will not keep your job, but He does say. I will supply all your need. By my riches and glory, by Christ Jesus.
Is that what he says or isn't it? Do you believe that or don't you? This is faith. We're talking about faith. Faith to conquer.
our fears. And so fear of death. We remember. That even if we Don't fear the arrival in heaven. We're looking forward to that, but we fear the process of going through death.
We remember what David said in Psalm 23, you know. Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death. I will not fear. For you are with me. Your rod and staff comfort me.
Is that the word of God? It is.
So if we will believe the revelation we've been given. Then that will A lay Those normal fears.
So, we don't need to fear death. We don't need to fear the loss of a job. We don't need to fear poverty. God has promised to take care of us. Your Heavenly Father knows you have need of all these things.
What you shall eat, what you shall drink. Wherewithal you shall be clothed. Your heavenly Father knows what you need. He will supply it. He promises to.
That's his word. Faith believes that, and therefore is not. Fearful. of these things. Are you fearful of disease?
Many people are. Are you fearful of witnessing about Christ to others.
Now there's a biggie, isn't it? We know we should. Many people find that difficult. There's a certain fear involved in that? What will they think?
What if they ask me a question I can't answer? I mean, all the things that go through our minds that many times stop us from doing this, but, but, but. In that Well-known great commission where Jesus told his apostles, go into all the world. And preach the gospel to all nations. Baptizing them in the name of the Father and Son and the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you.
What comes next? And low I am with you always. Special. General promise that applies to everything, but a special promise that follows our obedience to the Great Commission. When you do this, you can be certain that I will be with you, that I will help you, that I will strengthen you, that I will guide your thinking.
And if you do get embarrassed, Maybe by being asked something you don't know? Big deal. Uh what what's The big problem with being embarrassed is: is your pride so important that you can't? Live with the thought of that happening. Come on now.
Trust the Lord and plunge ahead. What are you afraid of? Many people are afraid of public speaking. And God doesn't call upon everyone to be A preacher or a public speaker. But Through the course of life, nearly everybody's called upon to do that occasionally.
And some people are so afraid of that, they almost would rather die. If God calls upon you to do that, if God puts you in a situation where that's your Responsibility. Design of God upon your life at this time, then God will help you do that. You don't need to fear in that situation. Um praying in public, that that seems to frighten some people.
They just Can't. Can't seem to find the courage to do that.
Well God will help you with that If you'll trust him. If it's A proper thing to do if it's right to honor him. You know, that passage in Timothy. I don't know how. Closely, you've looked at that, but I will turn to that in a moment, 1 Timothy 2.
Therefore, I exhort, first of all, that supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks be made for all men. For kings and all who are in authority, for this is good and acceptable to God, and so forth. Um Therefore, moving on to verse 8, I desire, therefore, that. The man And there the word is the Greek word for a male individual. The men Pray everywhere, lifting up holy hands without wrath and doubting.
And all that in the context, it's talking about Praying in the assembly of the saints, praying in public, lifting up your hands in prayer in the assembly of the saints.
Now, if this is something that Christian men ought to be involved in, then. You ought to do it. You need to push yourself a bit to do it if you have trouble with that, but you need to cast yourself upon the Lord and trust Him and let. Faith Conquer your fear. Battle be made valiant and battle be made strong.
You say, That's a real battle for me. Of course it is. Did God tell you you'd never have any difficult situations? You'd never have any battles? Of course not.
This is a battle that he has put you in, and he expects you to. Fight. Valiantly, to respond valiantly, and by faith you can do that. You see, in all of these fears and others I could name, there is divine revelation that speaks. to the need.
And by faith. We can. Experience divine healing. At least Some in those times, one of these God's divine will. By faith, we can.
become courageous in difficult situations. God will help us do that. Yes, the book of Hebrews is to instruct us in the knowledge of true biblical faith. Eliminate all those misconceptions about faith that abound so much. In the Christian world of our day, and to find out what really is biblical faith, and then finding out what it is, exercise it.
Use it! Employ it. Of these examples that are given to us of the achievements of faith in Hebrews 11. A lot of these are people that are not not standouts for their long life of godliness. Sampson?
Right. He's there. A man of faith. In fact, I could go through several of these and point out some pretty Big errors, pretty big sins that they stepped into. at one time in their life or another.
But they're was at least one occasion when they By faith, they arose to a great challenge, and by the power of God, and their believing in the revelation of God, they achieved great things. People who were unlikely. And yet God used them because they believed him. People who were imperfect. As we all are, and some were exceedingly so.
Yet God used them because they believed him. At some point they believed God. At some point they honored him with their faith. And at that point, God honored their faith, and He achieved something significant through them. And that should encourage us.
To do the same. Shall we pray? Father, help us. In our flesh we are weak. But you, O Lord, can make us strong.
In our minds we are often wavering in our faith. O Lord, help us. to focus our minds and hearts upon your word and to believe it with everything that is within us. that we may honor you. in this way.
as we ask it in Jesus' name. Amen. Yeah. Okay.