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Here's Monty Montgomery with the story. It's a well-known fact, if you live in the Midwest, that Michigan and Ohio don't really like each other that much. Most of that comes down to football today, but that hasn't always been the case. It used to come down to a small strip of land known as the Toledo Strip that resulted because of a mapping error in the Northwest Territories combined with interesting language in the Northwest Ordinance in the early 1800s, which ultimately led to a war between Michigan and Ohio when Michigan was applying for statehood. Here's Ted Long, founder of Holy Toledo History, with more on this remarkable story. The rule was something like that Michigan was to run on a line east and west, drawn through the southerly bend of the extreme of Lake Michigan till it reached Lake Erie. And if you draw that line, it clearly puts Toledo and Maumee Bay in Michigan. And as the story goes, in 1803, when the state legislature in Ohio was putting together their application, a trapper comes down from up north and reminds them, if you follow that, you're going to lose lake access. And so they made an adjustment, applied for statehood. Apparently, there were some people in Washington that raised an eyebrow, but nobody did anything about it, and it passed. And suddenly, Ohio's a state, and they have Maumee Bay. Which, according to the language of the Northwest Ordinance, should have been Michigan's.
Questions started to brew about how did this happen and what's going on. And Edward Tiffin was the surveyor general of Northwest Territory, later became governor of Ohio. He ordered up a survey from a guy named William Harris. And that survey followed exactly what the state of Ohio did in 1803.
So it was kind of a ginned up deal. It's like, hey, we need you to do a survey. Just make sure it follows what we already did. That became the Harris Line. And then in 1818, President Monroe stepped in and said, well, I'd like to order my own survey.
So they asked Harris to do it again, and he said no, and invited a guy by the name of John Fulton to do the survey. When he was done, we now have the Fulton Line. And it, by the way, followed what the Northwest Ordinance should have been. And so the difference between the Harris Line and the Fulton Line becomes this 450-mile wedge-shaped section of land that became known as the Toledo Strip. And it's basically five miles wide at the Indiana border and eight miles wide by the time you get to Lake Erie. But within that small space was something very important to both Michigan and Ohio. The big plus was Lake Access. You've got Maumee Bay included in that portion of the Strip that's five miles wide.
That includes Maumee Bay. And that was already a very active port and an important part of the Northwest Ohio area. But what people also knew was that coming along was probably the biggest economic development project coming, which was the Maumee Erie Canal. And that was going to connect the Great Lakes with the Mississippi River.
And they knew that a terminus for that had to be somewhere in that area. And so Ohio wanted that terminus, and so did Michigan Territory. So to prevent Michigan from getting it, Ohio simply claimed it as their own. But Michigan, led by 24-year-old Governor Stephen T. Mason, wasn't going to let Ohio walk all over them.
Oh no. They were going to fight for the land. But first, with the pen. Well, when Michigan finally comes around to apply for statehood, their governor, Governor Mason, he oversees the passage of what's referred to as the Pains and Penalties Act, which essentially leveled fines against anyone, and jail sentences, by the way, on any Ohio officials who tried to exercise jurisdiction over this contested territory. And so that meant anything going on within what we know as Toledo today was covered under the Pains and Penalties Act.
Now the big question became, how was he going to enforce it? At the same time that that went through, Ohio Governor Robert Lucas then passed a resolution that extended the county borders into the strip. Before that, if you look at old paperwork here in the Toledo area, a lot of it would be filed under Port Lawrence, Michigan, or Port Lawrence Township, Michigan. A lot of the Ohioans just thumbed their nose at the Pains and Penalties Act, and the Michigan governor, and said, we made the decision, we're part of Ohio. In that decision, the thumb their nose at Michigan resulted in all out war. And Michigan raised its militia and sent them to Phillips Corner, where the first battle was fought. In spring of 1835, there was a number of things that happened actually. I think it was April 9th, there was a posse that was led down by the Michigan sheriff, and he arrested a number of Ohio state officials. There were some newspaper reports that they tore a Ohio state flag down and dragged it through the streets and then burned it. And then a few days after that, about 60 Michigan partisans came down and intercepted a survey team on April 26th, and that became known as the Battle of Phillips Corners. And there's actually a plaque out the middle of nowhere designating where this Phillips Corner took place, the Battle of Phillips Corner. Actually, it was no battle at all. The Michigan militia showed up.
There were nine members of the survey party. The militia shot over their heads. And I think a couple of people were actually captured, the rest of them ran off.
There was no blood or anything like that. This was more of a shot across the bow for the state of Michigan or the Michigan territory. And seeing that Michigan was going to fight for the land, Ohio naturally fought back, or at least one Ohioan did. Yeah, so a couple of months after the Battle of Phillips Corner in July of 1835, the Michigan sheriff, Joseph Wood, comes into Toledo and he's going to try to arrest a couple of Ohio partisans, one of whom is a gentleman by the name of Two Stickney, who actually had a brother named One Stickney. His father, Benjamin Stickney, was one of the, really the founders of the Toledo area. He was heavily involved in both Port Lawrence and Vistula and helped promote the idea of those two towns coming together to form Toledo. Anyway, the sheriff comes in, tries to arrest Two Stickney, scuffle breaks out.
I've heard it described as a pen knife. Stickney pulls out of his pocket, stabs the sheriff, kind of left him with a minor wound, but that was the first and only blood drawn in the whole Michigan War. They say that Sheriff Wood was kind of the Toledo War's lone casualty. Soon enough, the federal government, especially President Andrew Jackson, grew tired of these shenanigans and sought a resolution to the conflict. Uh, application folks in Michigan were not real excited about that, but they also knew that the federal government, which had actually reached a point where they were getting ready to distribute actual money to some of the states in order to get in line for that, they had to get statehood. That money was not going to come to Michigan territory. So they knew they had to get in line. And so originally they voted against the proposition and then things got pretty ugly when they realized that they were just going to be left out in the cold, weren't going to get any federal support.
They had then a second convention, which is referred to as the Frostbite Convention in December of 1836. And they reluctantly agreed to the compromise and took on the upper peninsula and Toledo became part of Ohio. And it's funny because Michigan becomes the 26th state in the union. And a lot of folks said, you know, they kind of got the short end of the stick, but at the same time, as time went by, they realized that that 9,000 square miles of land they picked up in the UP was heavily loaded with deposits of copper and iron ore. And so they were able to get their money's worth out of it from that standpoint.
And then today, if you look at that area, it's a spectacular vacation area, winter, summer, fall. And I don't want to say anything having, you know, lived here in Toledo, but I think Michigan might've done okay in that deal in the end. The upper peninsula, that's what they got for the deal. And Ohio, well, they got Toledo and it was at the time what they wanted. What a great deal for both in the end.
The Toledo war here on Our American Stories. Do you own a business that's ready to thrive? It's time to let Intuit QuickBooks take things like unpaid invoices and tracking expenses off your plate so you can take things to the next level. Intuit QuickBooks is an all-in-one business platform that can help with those day-to-day tasks like invoicing and expenses. Manage and grow your business all in one place. Intuit QuickBooks, your way to money.
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