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High Five Casino. This is Lee Habib and this is Our American Stories, the show where America is the star and the American people. Up next, the story of the interesting connection between our first president George Washington and the ancient Roman dictator Cincinnatus and how that relates to the Southern Ohio City, Cincinnati. Here to tell the story is Dr. Kenneth Calvert, a professor of history at Hillsdale College. Let's get into the story.
Take it away, Ken. You look at George Washington and his regard for classical virtue and biblical virtue. He's also looking to particular models like Cincinnatus. Cincinnatus was a Roman who served as a dictator in Rome. And one has to understand that in Rome, a dictator was someone who was elected to office, not someone who takes power, but is given power for 18 months, total power to save the republic. And George Washington had a kind of Cincinnatus ideal surrounding him because he was given a good amount of power to fight this war on behalf of Congress and behalf of the colonies.
He never wanted to be called a dictator or even suggested that. Even though Cincinnatus was an ideal here, there is no way that they wanted to go back to kind of a Julius Caesar notion of dictatorship and tyranny. George Washington, on a number of occasions, lived up to the ideal of this man Cincinnatus. Let me say a little bit more about Cincinnatus. Cincinnatus was asked by the Senate to save Rome when its armies were surrounded by the Etruscans. And Cincinnatus marched out. He saved Rome.
He marched home. He settled one court case on behalf of a numskull son, and then went on to give his power back to the Senate and people. He surrendered his power.
He did all that in two weeks. He didn't serve out the full term of the dictatorship as he could have. He gave it all back. And this is why people viewed Washington as something of an American Cincinnatus in that when it was time, he surrendered his sword to Congress. He gave up his military power. At the end of eight years as president of the United States, he surrendered that power back to Congress. And Washington was this model of being a virtuous man who rightly surrendered his power back to the civilian government. He upheld and supported the rule of law and order, just as Cincinnatus had. And this is why the city in Ohio is not named only after a Roman dictator, but named after George Washington himself.
Finally, George Washington, the war was not over yet. And there was a conspiracy in New York of officers who wanted to march down to Philadelphia and to get what was promised to them, to pay. And Washington shows up at this conspiracy, and he basically, he preaches from Cato the tragedy and tells them, you are not upholding the virtues that we meant to defend. And what's very, very interesting is that he's upholding the kind of republicanism that Cincinnatus upheld and that Cato the younger upheld. He then the next day, he writes a letter to Congress saying, we better pay these guys.
So he talks them out of a coup, but then he also stands up for them and encourages their payment from Congress. Speaking of the city of Cincinnati and Southern Ohio, it's interesting that there is a graveyard in a place called Marietta, Ohio, that very few people have heard about. But Marietta, Ohio is actually considered as a potential spot for the capital of the United States.
Didn't end up that way. But in the cemetery at Marietta, Ohio, you have the largest number of colonial officers buried there. And indeed, the Marquis de Lafayette, when he toured the United States after the war, he stopped there at Marietta, Ohio, and gave a speech. And he talked about many of these men were men that he fought alongside and men that he knew personally, and they were brave in battle.
What are they all doing in Southern Ohio? Well, when Congress paid them, they paid them in land there along the Ohio River. And they were all members of a society called the Society of the Cincinnati. These were men who also surrendered their swords and their military authority back to the civilian government. And so you have at the core of the at the core of this, this notion of serving peace and the rule of law and the government, the civilian government. And so the government that was established by the founders is looking back to this balance of powers that Polybius talks about. It's looking back to people like Cincinnatus, people like Cato the Younger. And what they want to do is establish a form of government that is rooted in these ancient models that will provide the greatest amount of freedom, of rights, of happiness, seeking excellence for the citizens as possible.
And therefore the citizens would be kind of the locality for all of the true power, the true government in this new constitution. And a terrific job on the production, editing and storytelling by our own Megan Pidcock. And she's a product of Hillsdale College. Thanks also to Dr. Kenneth Calvert. He too is a product of Hillsdale College. He's a professor of history at the college and what a story he told about the connections between a Roman dictator and George Washington surrendering his commissions, which we have a story of told by Dr. Larry Arnn, who's the president of Hillsdale College. And what Washington did was return power back to the civilian government.
In fact, King George III, when he heard that said, if that's true, George Washington is and will be the greatest man that ever lived. The story of George Washington's unique connection to the city of Cincinnati and Cincinnatus here on Our American Stories. This is Lee Habib and this is Our American Stories and all of our history stories are brought to us by our generous sponsors, including Hillsdale College, where students go to learn all the things that are beautiful in life and all the things that matter in life. If you can't get to Hillsdale, Hillsdale will come to you with their free and terrific online courses. Go to hillsdale.edu.
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