Scott Wiley here. Before we begin today, I want to make you aware that Stephen has a second daily podcast called The Wisdom Journey. He's teaching through the Bible with a ten minute lesson each weekday. To find that, search for The Wisdom Journey wherever you listen.
Now let's get started. You know, one of the things we miss when we speed read. is the fact that Paul is engaged here in a legal trial. He's not standing before the Supreme Court because he thought this would be a great place to do a little evangelism. No Athenian law required that any new religious system And the following of any new God receives the approval of this council.
And the penalty decreed for anyone who introduced a foreign god. was death. Respect. Humility. Consideration of others' feelings and convictions.
These characteristics defined Paul's evangelism to the Athenian philosophers, and they should define our evangelism as well. The Apostle Paul was introducing unbelievers to the true and living God. As he did, he approached them thoughtfully and carefully. That's not to say that Paul didn't confront their false belief systems because he did. We'll see both of these things to day.
This is Wisdom for the Heart with Stephen Davie. Stevens in a series called Introducing God. And he's calling this message, Setting aside superstition. A few years ago, the Pew Research Center surveyed 4,000. US adults To identify the spiritual experiences that they claim to have had in life.
Of those surveyed, 29% said they had been in touch with someone who had died. 18% said they had seen Or been with the ghost. That's 47% who had contact with a deceased person or a ghost. A Gallup poll found that three out of four Americans believed in something paranormal. In other words, the majority of people believe there is something out there.
There is something otherworldly.
some kind of otherworldly creature or creatures. I came across this recently, one Sunday school teacher in British Columbia. Thought that she would set the record straight with her Uh students In uh uh second grade Um some of her uh kids raised the subject of fairies. Being real. And she assured the young class that fairies We're not real.
Only make believe. One little boy wasn't too happy about it and he argued back. She stood firm and repeated, fairies. are not real. And finally he blurted out, fairies are too real.
My daddy rides a ferry to Port McNeil every single day. Yeah.
Okay, those fairies are real, all right? One Gallup poll revealed that four out of ten people believed that houses. could be haunted. That's a popular belief, by the way, by many. The houses can be haunted by the spirits of the deceased.
And remember that 47% of the people polled in this one particular poll believed they'd had contact with.
Something like them. When Marcia and I moved to Kerry, Now almost 30 years ago. and into a rental home that I found. We moved into it with our twin sons, who were about five months old. After we had lived there a couple of years.
About two years, neighbors told us that the former couple who lived there Something about them, evidently the husband. murdered his wife. Right there. in that very house. They didn't know what room.
But they informed us that he killed her in that We were so glad that they shared that with us. That little revelation, though, I have to tell you, it produced kind of a creepy feeling. You know, we kind of wondered where. Yeah, Marcia started hiding the knives, just in case. And frankly, I'm dead serious, it didn't really help that we noticed that at times you could hear what clearly sounded like footsteps coming down the hall.
Now obviously the solution For us was the simple truth of Scripture that the spirits Of those who die without Christ go to Hades immediately and await the judgment. Luke 16, the spirits of believers immediately go to be with the Lord. 2 Corinthians 5.8, to be absent from the body is to be... Present with the Lord, right. When you die, your spirit is not gonna linger on earth scaring people.
There might be some people you'd like to scare, and it kind of sounds fun, but that's not going to. You won't be given the chance. You know, if Marcia and I had not been believers, We would have never lived in that house for five years. We would have immediately moved out. and claimed It was haunted.
In a New York Times article I came across not too long ago, It is ironically entitled, Conjuring Up Our Own Gods. A journalist wrote that more than 90% of those who do not belong to any church. do not belong to any religious system, all say that they pray to some divine being. 39% of them pray often. if not weekly.
But note this, they are prone to believe in ghosts. And Bigfoot. The article ended by declaring, and I quote, Americans are obsessed with the supernatural. It's not really a new phenomenon, and it really isn't just American, is it? It's around the world.
I did a little research on and found in the Middle Ages Uh the flickering lights in the marsh bog. uh was considered to be ghosts. Of departed people or even goblins. The popular view in the Middle Ages about fireflies. Was that they were the souls of deceased unbaptized infants.
And many thought ghosts manipulated human life. On ancient maps, Back before the world had been fully discovered, cartographers or mapmakers would put down what they knew, and then at the edges of their map, beyond anything they had knowledge of or understanding, they would often write into the margin the words, quote, Beyond here, There be dragons. Frankly, superstition is the bad side of a good thing. It really is. It's the world's attempt to explain the supernatural.
To try to come up with an explanation about the truth that is stamped on every human heart. and conscience about a creator and about immortality. This isn't all there is, Romans chapters 1 and And two, and it's really up to the believer to contradict or confront the notions and speculations of the darkness with the light of the gospel. In fact, Paul writing to Timothy in 2 Timothy 1, verse 10.
So that he was effectively preaching and teaching the truth about Jesus Christ, who was bringing to life. or bringing to light life and immortality. Through the gospel. This is the mission of of the Apostle Paul as he enters a very superstitious city. by the name of Athens.
Now, in our last study, I pointed out two observations from what Luke tells us in Acts chapter 17. Let me return you there. First, we learned that Athens was intuitively religious. And secondly, that Athens was intellectually curious. In fact, today you can see The remains of Athens' obsession with speculations and curiosities of the unseen world.
Oh, one author. Living in the days of Paul, said that there were more than 70,000 statues of the gods in Athens. They lined the streets. They filled the parks. They adorned the temples and public buildings, all dedicated to their glory.
There were temples literally everywhere. A temple to Nike, the god of victory. A temple to Athena, the goddess of wisdom. to Ares, the god of war. To Hephaestus, the god of craftsmen and sculpture, to Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty, to Eros, the god of sexual desire.
In fact, the Romans would pick it up and they had their counterpart to Eros. They named him Cupid. And like Eros, they both just sort of flew around with a bow and arrows, shooting people they were bringing under their spell. By the way, in Paul's day, all the working classes And tradesmen belonged to guilds. We would call them unions.
And they paid dues to their patron God. They would have annual feasts, they would offer libations to their patron god or goddess that had made them prayer.
So you can imagine if you could travel back to Athens during the days of Paul, the difficulty of a believer in Athens to decide whether or not to offend his business partners by not attending the feast where they would give libations to their patron god. And perhaps even losing that career path, I have little doubt that many a believer would be kicked out of the guild. and deprived of employment because of their lack of political correctness, the pressure has always been on the believer. To contrast their life to the speculations of the world.
So, as Paul is touring this city, he would have been struck. of course, by the Acropolis. The Acropolis was this ancient citadel. This platform built on rock upon which buildings. were seen from every direction.
The most famous building on the Acropolis would have been the Parthenon. It was a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, the namesake of the city, of uh Athens. The Parthenon Is considered the enduring symbol to this day of ancient Greece. It is a massive building, it's nearly the length of a football field, it is five stories high. Paul would have also seen the Odeon of Herod.
This was a famous theater that was in full swing when Paul arrived. The theater was wildly popular. It would also be the place for musical concerts and poetry festivals, as well as plays. Paul, no doubt, would have stared at one particular temple. built with incredible beauty and with its sculptured columns that formed the porch of a temple dedicated to Athena.
and Poseidon. And and then for our primary consideration today, there was the Areopagus. The Areopagus was a natural stone. outcropping. That jutted up 500 feet in the air, and it served as the outdoor court.
for the Supreme Court of Athens. Today, all the names of the Supreme Court justices before whom Paul stood have long been forgotten, except for one who will show up a little later on in this text. But I want you to just imagine this scene as Paul is taken up these stone stairways. and they have been restored. He's going to walk up these stairs to the top of the Areopagus where the council has convened.
It's going to be up these stairs and on top of this windswept. Open chamber where Paul is going to have this panoramic view of Athens as he introduces to them. The living God. He's about to introduce God and several of his attributes. to a city that is intuitively religious, that is intellectually curious.
Let me give you a third observation. Then we'll look at the text. Athens was inwardly... Anxious. With all that it believed, With all of its buildings, with all of its gods and goddesses, with all of its temples, with all of its statues, with all of its religious investments and rituals, Athens was still at its core inwardly.
Anxious. Let me show you where. Let's pick the narrative back up where we left off at verse 15. And Paul stood in the midst of the Areopagus. These men would have been forming a semicircle around him, these 50 council members.
And he said, Men of Athens, I observe that you are very religious in all respects. By the way, don't overlook this gracious testimony. Tactful introduction. I observe that you are very religious. Paul does not say, I observe that you are very ridiculous.
Or I observe that you are very superstitious.
Now I observed that you are very religious in all respects. And the council, by the way, would have taken that as a compliment. That would have been a kind approach. to them. Very religious.
You could literally rather woodenly translate that. Greek phrase, he's effectively saying, I can see that you are fearing the gods. It isn't his attempt right now to say, What in the world is going on around here with all this stuff you're making up? No, I I can see that You could translate them this way. I can see how religiously devoted.
You are. And I think those men would have sat there probably nodding their heads thinking, you know, this guy understands us. He gets us. It's a wonderful introduction. And a good model for us.
Notice further: for while I was passing through and examining the objects of your worship, I also found an altar with this inscription to an unknown God. Athens had discovered so many things. They were the birthplace of democracy. They were the home of Socrates and Plato and Aristotle with all their sage advice, but the most important truth. They had not discovered.
And they were troubled by it. They fit the description of what Paul wrote to Timothy in 2 Timothy 3 and verse 7, where Paul says that unbelievers are always learning. but never able to come to the knowledge of the truth. I can learn a lot of things. But never come to know the most important thing.
And so, because of this, they're living in a world of inward anxiety and confusion, and they've erected these. These pedestals and even temples, Tertullian tells us, dedicated to the unknown God, we're probably missing one and we don't want to do that.
So here you go. Beloved, you travel the world and And you see the same uncertainty played out in every culture. In fact, I was reading in one a journal not too long ago and I pulled it out. The Hindu practice of Kumari. And I hope I translate that correctly.
The belief that the supreme goddess of the cosmos, who who gave birth to everything through her womb. that she inhabits a young girl's body for um for a brief time. The Hindu believe, in fact, this is shared from what I could research and discover by many Buddhists. as well, it holds that the supreme goddess Telezu, who birthed The cosmos from her womb indwells a carefully selected young girl for a period of time. And that young girl then becomes the incarnation, as it were, of the goddess.
And she can be worshipped as deity. You can see the kernels of the gospel, can't you, even though... twisted in the end. She's worshiped. I went online and I watched about 15 minutes of an annual festival where she is.
dressed up in an amazing costume and people are nearly fainting around her. The goddess a few years ago that had been selected though caused quite a stir. Evidently the rules are that under no circumstance can the goddess ever leave Nepal. She's carefully watched and cared for, typically living in a central palace. But a few years ago Nepalese authorities were outraged when they discovered that she had been taken.
At her approval. with adult supervisors to the United States. to take part in in a video documentary of uh the Kumari tradition. And when she returned home, the article said she received notification that she was now terminated as a goddess. I mean, God was fired, basically, is what they're saying.
She was no longer worthy of being worshipped as a deity.
However, I couldn't help but chuckle, after pressure from the public, well, Goodness, thanks for the public. And Her own show. of remorse The government backed down and agreed that she could stay a goddess if, and I quote, she goes through an intense cleansing process that washes her of the sins of the countries she visited while traveling abroad.
Now just think about that for a moment. What insecurity. If even your goddess has to be cleansed from sin, and can lose her deity. How can any Hindu ever hope to be cleansed of their sin and even be secure that they're following a deity that's going to last?
Well, here in Athens, with all of their ceremony and all of their curiosity and all of their religious piety, Paul effectively finds them in the same state of spiritual anxiety. Notice the end of verse 2. What therefore you worship in ignorance, this I proclaim to you. He's coming to the end of his introduction. In other words, the God whose name you do not know.
He's not calling them ignorant, by the way. He simply say what you don't know. The one whom you worship without knowledge of who he is. I'm going to proclaim him to you. I'm going to tell you.
Who he is.
Now, with that statement, what Paul does is absolutely brilliant. He sets the legal stage for his introduction of God. You know, one of the things we miss when we speed read. or speed preach. is the fact that Paul is engaged here in a legal Trial.
He's not standing before the Supreme Court because he thought this would be a great place to do a little evangelism. No Athenian law required that any new religious system. And the following of any new God receive the approval of this council. And so, in fact, Josephus, in my study, I encountered one thing he said. He was the first-century Jewish historian who wrote that it was forbidden by Athenian law.
Let me quote him. And the penalty decreed for anyone who introduced a foreign god. was deaf. End quote. The most famous example And by the way, I'm going to take you back to college or high school days when you may have read this, but the most famous example in Athens was 500 years before Paul arrived.
Socrates. had been roaming the streets. Of the city of Athens teaching this growing band of followers, most of them. the young people, that the gods of Greece were not who They thought they were. He denied the omnipotence of the pantheon.
He denied that gods were all-powerful. And he rejected the polytheism of the culture that is the worship of many gods.
Now, while he didn't follow the truth of one god, God The true and living creator. He didn't follow the superstitions of his culture. either.
So he's effectively teaching a new Religion. In fact, he was charged with atheism. Because he didn't buy into the polytheism. of his day. He's brought up on charges.
He literally is brought to trial on the very hill where Paul now stands. 500 years later, and the Senate or this council I should say claims that he is Corrupting The youth of Athens. and they sentence him to die. by drinking poisonous hemlock. Which he did.
Now here we are 500 years later At this text, And Paul is referencing the nearby pedestals. He's referencing the nearby temple. dedicated to the unknown god. And what he's really doing is informing them: I'm not telling you about a new God. I'm not introducing a foreign deity to you.
Somebody new, I'm really just going to talk to you about the name and the nature of the God you've always wondered about. You have temples dedicated to Him. brilliant strategy of Paul. He's claiming to provide this stunning answer. to centuries.
of uncertainty.
Now Where do these pedestals and altars and temples originate to this unknown God. Oh, let me tell you, this is a little history. This is just an introduction to the sermon that'll begin, you know, later. History records for us that 600 years before Paul arrives in Acts chapter 17. Athens had been besieged by a terrible plague.
People were dying every day. And they were terrified. of what was happening. They were desperate for an answer from their gods. No answer came.
And with that, then no cure. A famous poet and sort of a quasi-spiritual guru. from the island of Crete. of all places. His name was Epimenides.
He came up with a solution. He said, I know what's going on. There are some gods that are angry. because they have been overlooked. in the worship of Athens.
The citizens have been overlooking them.
Now, he didn't know which gods. But whoever they were, or or whoever it was. They were the cause behind the plague. And the council Thought, that's brilliant, that's it. And then they convened and said, well, what do we do about it?
And Epimenides said, I have a solution. He took a flock of sheep to the top of the hill where Paul is now standing. on top of the Areopagus. Mars Hill. Any And he set those sheep.
Loose. And he instructed the Athenians that whenever any sheep lay down, They were to be sacrificed in the name of the God whose temple was nearest. The sheep. It was believed that the sheep Uh would be pulled by the God. To the temple to reveal that he was the one effectively pouting because he wasn't getting attention.
But that's how I interpret it.
So when the sheep were let loose, Many of them roamed and they just came off the Areopagus and went around and settled and grazed. and lay down eventually to take a nap. The problem is Some of them lay Far from any nearby temple. And so that created New confusion. And so, what Epimenides said to do was build an altar to the unknown god.
and sacrifice the sheep. upon it. The Athenians would Later build Temples scatter numerous altars around Athens dedicated to this unknown God. And now if you can imagine it. Paul arrives on the scene and stands on this same hill and he says, I know who this unknown God is.
Yeah.
And I want to introduce them to you. And what Paul will do is he will begin to introduce His God at the same point, by the way, the same key point. Uh Anyone has to start at with a pre-Christian world like Athens. or America. You begin with introducing God as the creator of all that is.
You begin with Genesis chapter 1. Verse 1. And so Paul begins his declaration of who God is by telling these Athenians the next rather shocking declaration, and that is this: the unknown God. Whom I know created Everything. That is.
This is Wisdom for the Heart. Stephen Davey is currently taking you through a series from Acts 17 called Introducing God. This message is called Setting Aside Superstition. I'll mention that during the airing of this series, the C D set is available at a deeply discounted rate. If you'd like to add this series to your library of biblical resources, now would be the best time.
Call us today at 866-48-BIBLE. You'll also find this resource on our website. wisdomonline.org. Then join us next time to discover more wisdom for the heart.
