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Take it away, John. I grew up in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, about two hours from here and a few miles south of the counting seat of Pottsville. And from as young as I can remember, there's proof, I have just been captivated by this era in American history, the Civil War. There was something about it that drew me in early and my parents who are here, they would always take my sister and I to battlefields and we would explore these places and I would go home with bags of toy soldiers and coloring books. And when we weren't at battlefields, well, we were exploring local graveyards.
And this continued, of course, after I got my license, started to drive and wonder why I had difficulties getting dates in high school. But even still to this day, whenever I visit home, I will stop at a local cemetery or try to just to pay my respects. This was a way for me to try to get to know the Civil War history of my home area.
And I encourage everybody to do this. I mean, there's a lot of history to be learned from these old cemeteries. And there are some noteworthy graves up in Schuylkill County. There's a couple generals buried and one grave in particular has always, always captivated me more than others. This is the grave of Nicholas Nick Biddle. It's in the Bethel AME Cemetery in Pottsville. And as you can see, right there carved upon his headstone, first to shed blood in Civil War. Nicholas Biddle, Captain Wren's orderly. So as a young kid, when I saw this, I thought, wow, the very first person to shed blood in the Civil War came from the same place I did, right?
Schuylkill County. Now, I went home and I looked in my books, that golden book of the Civil War and the Time Live series. And I couldn't find anything, nothing about Nick Biddle, no mention at all. But wait, he was the first one, the first person to shed blood. Surely, we have to know about this guy.
So a trip up to the Pottsville Library, the Historical Society, and I discovered his story. And I found out that he was wounded while with the first offenders. So I went back to those books, first offenders, nothing, nothing. See, the story of Biddle, the story of the first offenders, not often told, not well known.
I was a bit disappointed. So just by way of brief introduction, who were the first offenders and who was Nicholas Nick Biddle? Well, those opening shots on Fort Sumter, they felt like a thunderclap across the North. There was outrage, there was shock, indignation, followed by a profound, patriotic impulse to defend the flag, to defend the country that was just fired upon by these South Carolinians, April 12th of 1861. A patriotic fervor swept the North. So Lincoln puts out a call to arms. He needs 75,000 men to serve a three-month period, 90 days.
And he needs them quickly. The response to Abraham Lincoln's call was pronounced and it was fast and it was electric. From Maine to Minnesota and all points in between, communities mobilized and volunteers began making their way toward the nation's capital, Washington, D.C. And that, that is where they were most needed. Following the attack on Sumter, there was a strong belief that the next place to be attacked would be where?
Washington itself, the government buildings, the capital city. There was a very real and grave danger to Washington. Many believed that a Confederate force was on its way. As soon as Fort Sumter surrendered, they thought Pierre Beauregard would be leading his Confederate force North in order to attack the capital. And those fears were especially pronounced when word of Virginia secession began to trickle into the capital. What if Confederate forces put artillery on Arlington Heights?
What if Confederate gunboats began sailing up the Potomac River? Washington, D.C., the capital, woefully unprepared for its defense. Washington, surrounded by slave territory, right? The fearful trembled for its safety. And truly it seemed that Washington was doomed to fall.
Verena Davis, First Lady of the Confederacy, she sent out invitations to a few of her friends to join her and her husband, Jefferson Davis, in the White House on May 1st of 1861. There was this very real palpable fear for the protection of Washington. And in Washington was a force of only 900 U.S. regular army soldiers. And there was also a militia, a militia of about 1,500 persons. Okay, so Washington, D.C. had a militia, but many, well, they were questioning the loyalties of many in that group, okay? So that is kind of the military force that was in the capital when Fort Sumter fell. There were some politicians, though, in Washington, Congress not in session, but there were still politicians about, and they began to raise a force, okay? So Cassius Clay of Kentucky, he raised 100 volunteers to defend the area between the Capitol and the White House, okay? And Senator James Lane of Kansas, he gathered together a crew of about 50 people. They called them the Frontier Guard, and they went into the White House, okay? They patrolled the White House, but that was about it.
That was about the size of the defenders in Washington. So all eyes are focused north, okay? The call goes out for volunteers. When will they start to arrive?
What will happen first? Will the northern volunteers arrive in Washington, or will the city be attacked by Confederates? And you've been listening to National Park Service Ranger John Hoptack tell one heck of a story about the beginnings, the early stages of the Civil War, and how thoroughly unprepared Washington, D.C. was, how vulnerable Washington, D.C. was to being outright sacked. And when we come back, we'll learn more about the first person to shed blood and the cause of the Union here on Our American Stories.
This is Lee Habib, and this is Our American Stories. And all of our history stories are brought to us by our generous sponsors, including Hillsdale College, where students go to learn all the things that are beautiful in life. If you can't get to Hillsdale, Hillsdale will come to you with their free and terrific online courses. Go to hillsdale.edu.
That's hillsdale.edu. You know, when the world gets a little crazy and everything is moving too fast, don't you just wish you could get away from all of it for a while? Well, that's exactly what the all new 2025 Nissan Murano can do for you. And to be clear, you don't even have to go anywhere. The Murano is the getaway.
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Bose and massaging leather appointed seats are optional features. This is Nikki Glaser from the Nikki Glaser podcast. On a more serious note, I'm still thinking about that commercial with Tom Brady and Snoop Dogg hating on each other. Because when you listen to the reasons for hating someone or something, you realize just how stupid they really are. There is too much hate in this country and it's got to stop. So join us at iHeart and standing up to it. If you see hate, speak up, call it out.
And you can learn more by following at What's Up with Hate. Hey, it's Amy Brown from the Bobby Bone Show. Join me in supporting St. Jude Children's Research Hospital for a chance to win a trip to meet Megan Muroni at the 2025 iHeart Country Festival in Austin, Texas on May 3, hosted by Bobby Bones. We're going to hook you up with tickets, flights, hotel, food credits, and a meet and greet with Megan Muroni. Take action now to support St. Jude and help cure childhood cancer, and you're going to be entered for a chance to win.
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Individual results may vary. Addi or flibanserin is for premenopausal women with acquired generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder, HSDD, who have not had problems with low sexual desire in the past, who have had low sexual desire no matter the type of sexual activity, the situation, or the sexual partner. This low sexual desire is troubling to them and is not due to a medical or mental health problem, problems in the relationship, or medicine, or other drug use. Addi is not for use in children, men, or to enhance sexual performance. Your risk of severe low blood pressure and fainting is increased if you drink one to two standard alcoholic drinks close in time to your Addi dose. Wait at least two hours after drinking before taking Addi at bedtime. This risk increases if you take certain prescriptions, OTC, or herbal medications or have liver problems and can happen when you take Addi without alcohol or other medicines. Do not take if you're allergic to any of Addi's ingredients. Allergic reaction may include hives, itching, or trouble breathing. Sometimes serious sleepiness can occur.
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Visit ADDYI.com to learn more about Addi. And we return to our American stories and the story of the forgotten first defenders of the Civil War and Nicholas Biddle. When we left off Gettysburg National Park Service Ranger John Hoptack told us about Lincoln's call to arms at the start of the Civil War and the first few Pennsylvanian volunteers that left to board trains to Washington to help defend the nation's capital from what seemed to be an imminent invasion from the South. Let's return to the story. Despite the seriousness of this occasion, the company historian of the Allen Infantry, he wrote, most of the volunteers regarded the journey as a pleasant change from daily occupation.
It was a picnic, an agreeable visit to the capital. Only a very few, more serious, realized that it was the beginning of war with its horrors, cruelties, and privations. So by April 17th, just two days after Lincoln's call to arm was announced, these five companies are gathering in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania's capital. And with the Washington artillery was Nicholas Nick Biddle. So who was Nick Biddle? The simple truth of the matter is prior to April of 1861, we know very little about this man. Of his early life, we have no record.
That's how his obituary began. We do not know where he was born. We don't know when he was born. At first, obituaries claimed that he was 90 years old. By the 1890s, when people talked about Nick Biddle, they said no, he was born about 1796.
So that would have made him about 65 years old in 1861. Where was he born? Well, the Pottsville Miner's Journal said, we think he was born in Delaware. We think he was born in Delaware. It said that he had seen enough of slavery in his early days to hate it. So he may have been born enslaved, may have been born enslaved in Delaware around 1796.
The record is, again, unclear. How does he end up in coal country? Many believe he escaped along the Underground Railroad, rebelled against slavery, made his way north to freedom. Others say he went to Philadelphia first. And in Philadelphia, he started to work for Nicholas Biddle, the president of the Second Bank of the United States, very wealthy banker. And many believe that Nicholas Biddle took Nicholas Biddle's name because he worked for him. Those are the stories that have been told over the years about Nick Biddle.
There's Nick Biddle. We don't know much. We don't know much, okay? But what we do know is that he was, when he arrived in Harrisburg April 17th of 1861, he was wearing the uniform of the Washington Artillery Company. Even though he was not officially a member, he couldn't, of course, because of the color of his skin.
But we do know he was considered a part of this company, which is why he went. Now consider that brave moment when this man who may have, who likely was born enslaved, decided to go back south. So Nick Biddle is with the Washington Artillery when they arrive in Harrisburg, April 17th, 1861. And the next morning, all 500 of those first defenders, they're awake early.
This is the fateful day. Thursday, April 18th, that morning, they're awake early. And they were mustered into federal service when they raised their right hand and took the oath of allegiance that was administered by Captain Seneca Simmons of the 7th United States Infantry. So now they are soldiers, but they hardly looked the part. Some of them were in uniform, okay? Nick Biddle was wearing the uniform of the Washington Artillery, and they were largely unarmed. The officers had their sidearms, their swords and pistols. The Allen Infantry had their flintlock muskets, which had neither flints nor locks.
But, said one person, they could be used as clubs, right? But that was about it. Out of uniform, a motley assortment, civilian garb, but they are now U.S. soldiers. They weren't really concerned about the fact that they were unarmed. They were not quite expecting any trouble. All we got to do, get on the train, make our way to Baltimore, get off the train, go to another train, and go to Washington, right?
It's an agreeable picnic to the Capitol. So they make their way, heading south, and not anticipating any trouble. As they made their way through Pennsylvania, there were people with U.S. flags waving them along the route. But as soon as they crossed that Mason-Dixon line, well, the sympathies changed. One of the first defenders said that he saw one of the students at the Lutherville Seminary, female academy, waving a Confederate flag at the train as it passed, their first hint that some trouble may lay ahead. There was much trouble ahead, because Baltimore, Baltimore, well, there's a lot of Confederate sympathy in the city of Baltimore.
There's trouble brewing. There were calls for secession in Maryland. There were calls for secession in Baltimore. Civil War historian Allen Nevins called Baltimore, quote, a powder tub ready for a match.
That powder tub was on its way. Those 500 Pennsylvanians heading in response to Abraham Lincoln's call. Baltimore had a reputation for unruliness, okay? Some called it the mob city. There apparently were riots in Baltimore on election day in 1856, and 1857, and 1858, and 1859. And of course, there was that whole conspiracy about kidnapping and assassinating Abraham Lincoln as he made his way to Washington for his inauguration in Baltimore.
Okay, so Baltimore has a bit of a reputation, okay? And as it turned out, as it turned out, members of the pro-Confederate, if you will, city militia were drilling that morning. They were parading in Baltimore, and then word arrived that trainloads of Northern volunteers were heading their way. They were determined to resist. So they organized, and they gathered together, okay? And they were determined not to allow these Pennsylvanians to march through their city to respond to Abraham Lincoln's call. So several thousand of them began to gather. And as the Pennsylvanians, meanwhile, blissfully unaware, on those trains, making their way south, then a telegram arrives, and the captains of those five companies received word that a mob was forming to contest their arrival.
They decided, well, we're going to go through anyway. But just to be safe, we're going to get off the trains a little bit north of Bolton Station. That'll do it.
That'll do it. The trains carrying these Pennsylvania volunteers stopped just short of Bolton Station, but the mob quickly caught on to that ruse. They rushed their way north to where the Pennsylvanians were just then stepping off the train, and Captain Wren of the Washington Artillery, he wrote that the mob approached, quote, like a lot of angry wolves. They began jeering and taunting and cursing at these Pennsylvanians.
It's no longer a picnic, is it? No longer an agreeable visit to the Capitol. There were shouts supporting Jeff Davis.
There were insults against Lincoln and the Union. And it was impossible, impossible in the midst of that for these company commanders to organize and get their guys in column, in formation, to march to the next train station. They had to march to Camden Station to pick up the B&O Railroad to Washington.
So they had about a two-mile journey to get from north of Bolton Station to Camden Station. So they all got back on the cars. They all got back on, and this mob is there still yelling, cursing. So let's call the Baltimore City Police. And you've been listening to National Park Service Ranger John Hoptak tell one heck of a story, the idea that the nation's never been more divided, something you hear today often.
Au contraire. Listen to what these Pennsylvania soldiers were stepping into and didn't even know it. A thousand troops training up a militia in Baltimore to resist them simply passing through to protect the nation's Capitol. And for those of you who know that part of the country, that trip from Baltimore to Washington, D.C., well, that's a one-hour car drive. So this is really close.
When we come back, more of Gettysburg National Park Service Ranger John Hoptak, the story of Nick Biddle and the forgotten first defenders here on Our American Stories. You know, when the world gets a little crazy and everything is moving too fast, don't you just wish you could get away from all of it for a while? Well, that's exactly what the all-new 2025 Nissan Murano can do for you. And to be clear, you don't even have to go anywhere. The Murano is the getaway.
It was designed from the ground up to be a refuge from the daily grind. I mean, it has a Bose premium sound system, which can play your favorite, most relaxing music. And there's nothing like a world class audio system to just transport you to a better headspace. Then there's the Murano's massaging leather appointed seats. Yeah, massaging seats. Talk about melting away your stress. So could getting stuck in traffic become your happy place? I don't know. It sounds like it could in the all-new Murano. You should probably check one out for yourself. You got to drive the all-new 2025 Nissan Murano today.
Bose and massaging leather appointed seats are optional features. This is Nikki Glaser from the Nikki Glaser podcast. On a more serious note, I'm still thinking about that commercial with Tom Brady and Snoop Dogg hating on each other. Because when you listen to the reasons for hating someone or something, you realize just how stupid they really are. There is too much hate in this country and it's got to stop. So join us at iHeart and standing up to it. If you see hate, speak up, call it out.
And you can learn more by following at What's Up with Hate. Hey, it's Amy Brown from the Bobby Bone Show. Join me in supporting St. Jude Children's Research Hospital for a chance to win a trip to meet Megan Muroni at the 2025 iHeart Country Festival in Austin, Texas on May 3, hosted by Bobby Bones. We're going to hook you up with tickets, flights, hotel, food credits, and a meet and greet with Megan Muroni. Take action now to support St. Jude and help cure childhood cancer, and you're going to be entered for a chance to win.
Visit iHeartCountryTrip.com to learn more. Hi, it's Jenny Garth. We all know the importance of taking care of our physical and mental health. But what about our sexual health? I've been there, feeling totally stuck when it comes to my libido. That's why I started taking Addi.
And let me tell you, I've seen firsthand what a difference it can make in how you feel. Addi is the only FDA approved pill clinically proven to help certain pre-menopausal women have more interest in sex, have more satisfying sex, and lower the stress from low libido. Addi has helped hundreds of thousands of women get their drive back, including me. Talk to your doctor or visit ADDYI.com to learn more about Addi, the little pink pill.
Individual results may vary. Addi or flibanserin is for pre-menopausal women with acquired generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder, HSDD, who have not had problems with low sexual desire in the past, who have had low sexual desire no matter the type of sexual activity, the situation, or the sexual partner. This low sexual desire is troubling to them and is not due to a medical or mental health problem, problems in the relationship, or medicine, or other drug use. Addi is not for use in children, men, or to enhance sexual performance. Your risk of severe low blood pressure and fainting is increased if you drink one to two standard alcoholic drinks close in time to your Addi dose. Wait at least two hours after drinking before taking Addi at bedtime. This risk increases if you take certain prescriptions, OTC, or herbal medications, or have liver problems, and can happen when you take Addi without alcohol or other medicines. Do not take if you're allergic to any of Addi's ingredients. Allergic reaction may include hives, itching, or trouble breathing. Sometimes serious sleepiness can occur.
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Visit addii.com to learn more about Addi. And we return to our American stories in the final portion of our story on the forgotten first defenders and the first man to draw blood in the Civil War, Nicholas Biddle. When we last left off, the first defenders had arrived in Baltimore, Maryland, where they had to call upon the Baltimore City Police to prevent violence from breaking out. Let's return to the story. Here again is National Park Service Ranger, John Hoptek.
the city. Abolitionists! Stone them! Kill them! Hurrah for Jeff Davis! You'll never get out of here alive!
Have you your coffins made! These were some of the things the Pennsylvanians heard as they marched through Baltimore heading toward Camden Station. These Pennsylvanians are outnumbered nearly five to one. The historian of the Allen Infantry wrote it this way, roughs and toughs, longshoremen, gamblers, floaters, idlers, red hot secessionists, as well as ordinarily sober and steady men, crowded upon, pushed and hustled the little band, and made every effort to break the thin line.
It was a severe trial for the volunteers with not a charge of ball or powder in their pouches. For these Pennsylvanians, it must have seemed an eternity, but finally they arrived at Camden Station at last. But it was there where violence at last broke out. That's when bottles and bricks and stones and clubs and whatever else the mob could get a hold of began to rain down and crash among these volunteers. But the first hit, the first one to be struck down or so many believed, was Nick Biddle. Apparently it was the site of Biddle, a black man in uniform that especially infuriated this mob.
An unknown assailant grabbed a brick, launched it at him, and hit him squarely in the face, squarely in the face. He fell backward but he was caught by an officer from another one of those militia companies and staggering he helped him onto one of these train cars. His head was wrapped in bandages which quickly bled through, but it was amidst this shower of bottles and stones and bricks that the Pennsylvanians hurried on board. Some others of the mob, they attempted to detach the engine of the train, but this effort, said one man, was prevented by the determined character of the engineer after they drew revolvers and threatened to shoot any man who made that attempt.
At long last, the train cars began to pull away from Baltimore. They got out alive and the next day they realized how fortunate they had been when they heard what happened to the sixth Massachusetts who was following in their footsteps on April 19th. April 18th evening, at last, finally that evening the trains arrived at the foot of Capitol Hill and that's where these Pennsylvanians were headed.
To defend it, there were men who were bruised and battered and bloodied, none more so perhaps than Nick Biddle, but nevertheless, said one man, we arrived in fine spirits because we were the very first company that are here. Politicians began to show up too. Now for the day laborers and the clerks and the coal miners and the students who composed the ranks of these companies, what a day. Here they were, now quartered in the committee rooms and the offices of the U.S. Capitol building.
They're being met by these politicians. Quite a memorable day, but perhaps the next day was equally as memorable because on April 19th they are also visited by Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln arrived at the Capitol to meet and to personally thank these Pennsylvanians for their timely arrival. Remember that anxiety that pervaded the Capitol.
Who's going to get there first? Will the Capitol be attacked? Well now, now the first volunteers to respond to his call are there. He made his way along with Seward and Cameron, two of his cabinet secretaries, and he shook the hands of these Pennsylvania volunteers. One of the members of the Washington artillery yelled out, speech! Speech! They wanted to hear a speech from Lincoln. Officers and soldiers of the Washington artillery, he said, I did not come here to make a speech. The time for speech making has gone by. The time for action is at hand. I came here to give you a warm welcome to the city of Washington and to shake hands with every officer and soldier in your company provided you grant me that privilege.
Oliver Bosby, he left this account. Imagine the scene. Here were sturdy young fellows suddenly called upon to don the uniform of soldiers, many of whom had never been out of sight of the mountains of their state. Spread out upon the hard marble floors of the Capitol in an effort to secure some rest from the fatiguing journey when every man is brought to his feet by the announcement of the presence of the one man each of us most desire to see, the honored chieftain of the nation, Abraham Lincoln.
Profound silence for a moment, broken by the hand clapping and cheers of the tired volunteers. Yes, here towering over all in the room was the great central figure of the war. I remember how impressed I was by the kindliness of his face and the awkward hanging of his arms and legs, his apparent bashfulness in the presence of these first soldiers of the republic and with it all a grave rather mournful bearing in his attitude. The president's words were few but earnest and impressive. Close contact with the man at the helm was more than the satisfaction of personal curiosity. It was a kind of baptism of responsibilities heretofore unheeded, a revelation of a state of profound seriousness in the solving of which each one listening to the great leader's words felt personally called upon to his best. That's what Oliver Bosbyshell said. You know, making his way from company to company, Abraham Lincoln heard of what happened in Baltimore and he saw the injuries to some of these soldiers and presumably he came face to face with Nick Biddle and imagine that moment.
Here was Abraham Lincoln face to face with Nick Biddle, his head covered in blood-soaked bandages, his blood dripping on the floor of the U.S. Capitol building, a man who may have been born enslaved and escaped and now is back in uniform. What a moment. I would love to see that on canvas and these screenwriters watching make a compelling movie, right? By late July, 90 days have come and gone. They were naturally glad to be back home but for most of them it was a short visit. Most of them would re-enlist. Many would give their lives.
Nick Biddle returned to Pottsville. He was never paid as a soldier. He never took the oath of allegiance because he couldn't.
He would never receive a pension. Biddle to his dying day, never tired of talking about those supreme hours of his life, the time of his wounding and the time of Lincoln's call to see him and sympathize with him and the scar which he carried to his grave, he proudly showed to people interested. It was his badge and his brand of patriotism. He died in obscurity but he would never be forgotten by the Washington artillery. It was the Washington artillery who paid for his funeral. The first defenders also also paid for a headstone to be placed over Nick Biddle's grave. It read, in memory of Nicholas Biddle, his was the proud distinction of shedding the first blood in the late war for the Union, being wounded while marching through Baltimore with the first volunteers from Schuylkill County erected by his friends in Pottsville. And a terrific job on the production and editing by our own Monty Montgomery and a special thanks to Gettysburg National Park Service Ranger John Hoptak. What a story. What a picture in all of our heads of that time with Lincoln breeding these soldiers.
Story of Nicholas Biddle and the first defenders here on Our American Stories. Okay, so we all need to get away from the world sometimes. Well, in the all-new 2025 Nissan Murano, you don't even have to go anywhere. The Murano is the getaway.
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