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[President's Day] The Story of Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation

Our American Stories / Lee Habeeb
The Truth Network Radio
February 18, 2025 3:04 am

[President's Day] The Story of Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation

Our American Stories / Lee Habeeb

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February 18, 2025 3:04 am

By 1862, the Civil War was in full swing, and Lincoln decided to take on another monumental task, emancipation. He understood that it was perilous to get too far ahead of public sentiment and opinion, so he weighed all of these things and decided in July of 1862 that the government should adopt a strong anti-slavery position. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation was a bit longer than his Gettysburg Address, but it was a statement that changed America, changed our history, and changed our way of life.

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Take it away, Bill. Lincoln was not only a statesman but a master politician, and he understood that it was always perilous to get too far ahead of public sentiment and opinion. Weighing all of these things, Lincoln decided in July of 1862 that the government should adopt a strong anti-slavery position, one that could be justified on military and diplomatic ground. He knew that free and slaves could and would fight in the war on the Union side. He also knew that abolition would bring support from the foreign capitals of the world, a huge diplomatic victory for the Union. As a constitution man, Lincoln would have vastly preferred for the Confederate states to abolish slavery on their own, but that didn't happen, wasn't likely to happen, and Lincoln was now prepared to use the power of his office, his power as commander-in-chief under the Constitution, explicitly by the Constitution itself. He used that power to begin the process of ending slavery. Discussions with his cabinet about such a bold move met with mixed reactions. Some feared absolute chaos in the South, foreign intervention precisely what Lincoln did not want.

Others, like Secretary of State William Seward, thought it was a good idea but thought the timing was wrong, better to wait until a big victory or two before announcing such a thing. Lincoln actually followed Seward's advice. It was a mere five days after Antietam on September 22, 1862, that Lincoln made public the first part of what has come to be called the Emancipation Proclamation. Like Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, which was notoriously short, a mere 272 words, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation was a bit longer at 719 words, but they were words that changed America, changed our history, changed our way of life.

They're worth reading. All persons held as slaves within any state or designated part of a state, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then thenceforward and forever free. And the executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons or any of them in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.

There it is. It's a rather lawyerly statement, as befits the man who proclaimed it. And yet it's important to note here why. Lincoln's proclamation was actually a very limited one. It didn't free slaves everywhere in the United States, just Confederate states during the Civil War, which meant that theoretically, southern states that ended their involvement in the war could keep their slaves. This is an important point because it's how Lincoln justified, as constitutional, his efforts on behalf of abolition. And let's get back to the proclamation.

Lincoln continued. That the executive will on the first day of January 4th said by proclamation, designate the states and parts of states, if any, in which the people thereof respectively shall be in rebellion against the United States. And the fact that any state or the people thereof shall on that day be in good faith represented in the Congress of the United States, by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such state shall have participated, shall in the absence of strong countervailing testimony be deemed conclusive evidence that such state and the people thereof are not then in rebellion against the United States. Now therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion.

On this first day of January, in the year of our Lord, 1863, and in accordance with my purpose to do so publicly, proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days, from the day first above mentioned, ordering designated as the states and parts of states, wherein the people thereof respectively are this day in rebellion against the United States, the following to it, Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, and which accepted part of the present left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued. And by virtue of the power and for the purpose of forcing, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated states and parts of states are, and henceforward shall be, free, and that the executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons. And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence and less in necessary self-defense.

And I recommend to them that in all cases when allowed they labor faithfully for reasonable wages. And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitable condition will be received by the armed forces of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service. And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind in the gracious favor of Almighty God.

And witness her eyes, her eyes, in favor of Almighty God. And witness thereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed, done of the city of Washington's first day of January, the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred sixty-three, and of the independence of the United States of America, the eighty-seven, by the President Abraham Lincoln, William H. Seward, Secretary of State. Now there were many critics who wished for something more definitive and more complete from Lincoln on the issues of slavery, something more rousing, something more magnificent, something that rivaled some of the more beautiful and powerful language of the Declaration of Independence, something that would clearly and dramatically end the institution of slavery, once and for all. But this criticism missed the point of Lincoln's genius. Lincoln was careful not because he was a coward, but because he wanted slavery ended in the right way, and that meant compliance with the Constitution.

The words, by any means necessary, were not in Lincoln's vocabulary. He had too much regard and respect for the founders. He knew that an amendment to the Constitution was the right way to go, the proper way to go, the fitting way to go, and the constitutional way to go, despite his profound misgivings about the moral tragedy and moral crime of slavery. He revered the Constitution more than he hated slavery, and it might be useful to add, he revered the Constitution because he realized that without the Constitution, the Constitution would be tossed aside as so much tissue standing in the way of progress. The result might have led to a dismembered nation that was incapable of sustaining individual liberties, such as they were founded in the Bill of Rights, let alone effect the difficult task of abolishing slavery. So the Emancipation Proclamation came at the right time, and it had the right moral tone that shifted the purpose of the war. It made the war about bigger things. Lincoln would make the same point much more pointedly in his Gettysburg Address in November of 1863. The war after the Emancipation Proclamation and then after Gettysburg was no longer just about preserving the Union. It was about something so much bigger. And a terrific job on the production and editing by our own Monty Montgomery himself, a Hillsdale College graduate and Hillsdale College professor Bill McClay, author of Land of Hope, and the best line of all in this piece. He revered the Constitution more than he hated slavery, and the way forward is a constitutional amendment. The story of the Emancipation Proclamation here on Our American Stories. The Unshakeables podcast is kicking off season two with an episode you won't want to miss. Join host Ben Walter, CEO of Chase for Business, as he welcomes a very special guest, Chairman and CEO of JPMorgan Chase, Jamie Dimon. Hear about the challenges facing small businesses and some of the uh-oh moments Jamie has overcome.

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