The Story Behind The Story of the Lone Ranger

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Go to musicgives.org to donate and get your own shirt. This is Lee Habib, and this is Our American Stories, the show where America is the star and the American people. Silver Bullets, the William Tell Overture, and the phrase Kimusabe all were thrust into the cultural mainstream at the height of the Great Depression in 1931 with the Lone Ranger. Here to tell the story of the Lone Ranger is Stephen Ioannou, author of the book Yesteryear, which is about the creators of the Lone Ranger.

Take it away, Stephen. With his faithful Indian companion Tonto, the daring and resourceful masked rider of the plains led the fight for law and order in the early western United States. Nowhere in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice.

In response to hundreds of requests from interested listeners, this Lone Ranger program will retell the story of the origin of the Lone Ranger. George W. Trendle was born in Ohio in 1884. He graduated from law school in 1908, and his specialty was contract law and negotiation, and he was very good at his job. He had a shrewd mind, a keen sense of business acumen, and really a good business instinct knowing when to get in and when to get out of various endeavors.

One of his first investments even before he had graduated law school was in Nickelodeon's. These were the forerunners of the movie theaters and palaces that would come later. They were storefronts. They were dark. They were kind of smoky and cramped, uncomfortable wooden chairs, and they had a reputation for attracting unsavory characters, either owners or people just hanging out.

Local government officials didn't really like them too much. They thought it was trouble. But Trendle was drawn to them because he thought he could make money from them. He saw this as something that people were drawn to. But the film industry was changing, and they began to produce longer and longer films. Trendle, he thought that the days of the Nickelodeons were numbered because people would want to go and watch these longer feature films in something more comfortable. And so he put together a group of investors, and they built the Columbia Theater, which was the first large movie house in Detroit. And it was literally an instant success. People would line up to go watch the movies in a comfortable setting, totally different than what the Nickelodeons were.

By the end of 1928, Trendle owned 20 movie theaters throughout the Detroit area. And again, he had that keen sense of timing, went to get in, went to get out. He sold all 20 of those theaters right before the stock market crash of 1929. And he insisted on cash. He didn't want stocks. He didn't want promissory notes.

It had to be cash. But the Depression didn't skip over Trendle. He saw his net worth drop from $3 million to about a quarter of a million dollars. Still very well off, but his finances were going in the wrong direction.

And he was looking for something to invest in, to make cash, to make money quickly. And radio was growing. Radio was quite different than it is today. Radio was the fastest growing medium in the United States in the late 20s and early 30s. Having a radio in the home was a big deal, because now you were connected from outside your community, and you could hear programs from New York, St. Louis, Chicago, Detroit, even in your little hometown. Radio stations had full in-house orchestras that would play between shows, to introduce shows, to set the mood during radio dramas. Radio stations had their own theatrical troupe, you know, their own performing artists.

They had their own radio actors that would perform locally produced talent. And he knew that. He thought that was the next big opportunity in entertainment.

Even during the Depression, he thought people, and he was right, would finance radios to have in their home. You know, no longer could they go out. They didn't have the cash to go out. So now the entertainment had to come into their house. And so he bought radio station WGHP and changed the call letters to WXYZ, and their tagline was WXYZ, the last word in radio.

And he had a vision of growing it into a network of stations. But he was a tough customer. He was losing money, and he would keep two sets of books. And he would show the fake set to his employees and say, you're going to have to take a pay cut.

I mean, look how bad the radio station's doing. You don't take a pay cut. I'm going to have to fire you.

I'm going to have to let you go. And of course, there were no jobs during the Depression, so his employees had no alternative but to take the pay cut. Same thing when he was hiring people. He would say, you know, look at my books.

I can't afford to pay you much. I can't afford to pay you for the first month that you're going to work for me, which of course he could. And so a lot of times he had people working gratis for him on the promise that better days were coming. So he was very frugal, and it was during this time that he earned the nickname the miser of Motown. One of the biggest moves that he made as a radio station owner was to sever ties with Columbia Broadcasting. So this meant that WXYZ would no longer have access to the syndicated shows that CBS was producing. And Trendle's thought process was, we'll produce it locally, we'll use local and freelance talent, and it will be cheaper than paying CBS. And so it was a business decision that made him pivot away from that nationally syndicated broadcasting to locally produced broadcasting.

And that's when his life and Franz Stryker's life intersected. When we come back, more of the remarkable story of how the Lone Ranger came to be here on Our American Stories. Folks, if you love the stories we tell about this great country and especially the stories of America's rich past, know that all of our stories about American history, from war to innovation, culture, and faith, are brought to us by the great folks at Hillsdale College, a place where students study all the things that are beautiful in life and all the things that are good in life. And if you can't get to Hillsdale, Hillsdale will come to you with their free and terrific online courses.

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Order now in the app for pickup or delivery. Chipotle, for real. A friend of mine named Randall who led a cost saving crusade at his flagship radio station in Detroit, WXYZ during the Great Depression. It was because of this that he'd become acquainted with a little known station manager and script writer out of New York named Fran Stryker. Let's return to the story.

story. It's funny I have no idea how I heard about France striker. I think someone had mentioned in passing that. Oh the guy that wrote the lone Ranger lived in Buffalo, which is my hometown and I thought well that can't be right, I'm a Buffalo writer, I would know if the man who invented created the lone Ranger was from here. And I looked it up I googled it and sure enough he was a Buffalo guy I was surprised and mad at myself and I found out not only was he a Buffalo guy he was a neighborhood guy he went to high school about 2 blocks where I was living in a part of Buffalo called the Elmwood village and he lived over on Granger place which is just a few blocks north of me. And then I dug some more and I thought knowing that he create the lone Ranger he also created the Green Hornet the biggest of all game public enemies that even the team and cannot reach and sergeant Preston of the Yukon the challenge of the Yukon. And I had never heard of him so now I was really curious how someone could have such an impact on 20th century American pop culture and the common person doesn't know his name.

The Ranger was the first real hero that was extensively marketed think of fan clubs and spinoff toys, give away items, 18 lone Ranger novels in hardback the lone Ranger has been an enduring character for the last 90 years and then I did some more research and and depending how you look at he was part of the the best deal in entertainment history or the worst business deal and entertainment history. A lot of times you hear about these authors and you know they have you know terrible traumatic childhood striker was just the opposite striker was born in Buffalo on August 19th 1903 to Frank and Eddie strike. And by all accounts he had a very healthy and wholesome family life in upbringing fishing hunting. Garden, he had developed a love for the outdoors. He was very smart very precocious child.

He was always very curious. He was always inquisitive drawn to new things and he was a joiner he loved to join clubs science clubs and church clubs in youth groups he ran track he was in the band he played the saxophone he was on the student newspaper and he sold his first short story and his first nonfiction article to a local Buffalo paper when he was only 12 years old he was on the drama club. He was in the chemistry club and when he went to the University of Buffalo after graduated high school.

He could decide on a fraternity knew he wanted to be in one, but he couldn't decide so he he pledged multiple fraternities and he got in trouble for he was called in front of the I think that the dean of academic affairs or student affairs and today you can only you can only pledge one fraternity and France said how can I pick one they're also interesting great guys. While he was in college, he was a chemistry major but what happened was his interest in theater outgrew his interest in chemistry, even though he was fascinated by it. He had up in his writing studio, an old chemistry set. But it was all covered in dust because he was always pounding away on his Remington 16 typewriter it was about 1927 when he decided to leave Buffalo and go to New York City and he got a job with the Harry Miller production company which produced live stage shows in New York City. This was a key moment in strikers life because even though he was only with the company in New York City for a year. This is where he was exposed to professional theater professional directing professional acting and more importantly professional script writing.

So instructor came back from New York City. In 1928 his his plan was to break into the theater. He found that kind of difficult not difficult to be involved but difficult to be paid so he was drawn to the next big thing what he found was the next big thing in entertainment and that was radio. He took a job with W E B R. He would do announcing he would do news reporting. He occasionally would step in and act on the radio, even though he was never really comfortable or talented in that regard even played his saxophone with the W E B R orchestra on occasion.

Stryker was promoted to W E B R station manager. So now he was much more focused instead of wearing all those different hats. He was really in charge of radio dramas directing them in writing them. And this is course where he flourished he always had that affinity for writing going back 20 was 12 years old. And now he was able to do it professionally.

And here his scripts performed live on the air. So 1929 was it was probably one of the most exciting times of Stryker's life. We are told by the opposition that we must have a change that we must have a new deal. The stock market crash of 1929 sent the nation and the world reeling into a economic depression. Unemployment was rate in the United States was 24%.

12 million Americans were out of work and over a quarter million families had lost their homes. And you know Stryker's family was not immune. Stryker became their financial supporter. They became his dependents. So by 1932, you know, he was supporting a dozen family members, his parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, they were all dependent on Stryker to survive the depression. So Stryker was extremely prolific writing radio dramas because he had to be and it transformed into kind of a side business.

He loved the idea of taking scripts that he had already written that already aired he owned all the rights. And selling them into other markets. Think of the early days of streaming services now where everyone was scrambling to get content. Same thing in 1932. All these radio stations needed content to be performed live and Stryker was mailing out these scripts.

Kind of cold call mail them out cold to the stations. Now this is 1932. So there's no copy machines. There's no printers. It was a typewriter and carbon paper. And he would try to hit the key strike the keys as hard as he could to get 2 or 3 copies out of one typing session because everything had to be retyped. And so he would literally wore out the Remington 16 typewriters which is his favorite typewriter and sometimes they would be live on the air. And Stryker was in the other room still typing up the script to how the show would end.

And so he had one eye on the keyboard and one eye on the clock. Knowing he had to finish the next page of the script for next 2 pages of the script before there was dead air. You know these early days of radio. There was a lot of excitement about creating these radio scripts for live radio. And then of course there was that financial necessity to create these radio scripts for live radio. There was that financial necessity of branching outward and reselling them to support his family. One of the radio stations that bought his scripts was W X Y Z out of Detroit and the first script that George W trendle the owner of W X Y Z in Detroit block was an old series called Warner Lester trend was impressed with that script and more scripts from Stryker. So by the end of 1932 Stryker was supplying W X Y Z with six half hour scripts per week. When we come back more of this remarkable creative story also a remarkable business story how these things happen how these ideas happen how these characters happen these characters that live in the American fabric long after the authors and creators died the story of how the lone Ranger came to be continues here on our American stories. cancer and save lives go to music gives dot org to donate and get your own shirt.

on to make sure your house is always smelling good too. And we return to our American stories and our story on the lone Ranger and how it came to be with author Stephen you want to author of the book yesteryear when we last left off Stephen was telling us about how friends Stryker had become the primary breadwinner for his entire family during the Great Depression making a lot of money on the side by selling repurposed radio drama scripts the George W trendle the owner of the powerhouse signal in Detroit W X Y Z little did both of them know one of those scripts was about to become a gold mine. Let's return to the story. So by 30 1932 W X Y Z and George W trendle have been counting on Stryker for a lot of their radio content and December of that year Stryker received a letter from the creative director from W X Y Z saying you know. We thought about it and we think we want to do a Western series. Put all the hokum in it that was the word they used hokum you know the mass writer the rustler the girl tied to the railroad tracks to gun bank robber can you write something like that.

And so Stryker thought. Of course I can so he dug out a series that had aired 2 years earlier on W E B R are called cover wagon days and for whatever reason he chose episode 10 of that series to rewrite this new Western and he came up with a new hero. The lone Ranger.

It's a debate where the Ranger came from I mean certainly in that letter from W X Y Z they mentioned the mask writer but that's as far as it went. And a lot of people think it's still be debated that maybe he was influenced by a real life figure, a man named bass reeves bass was a runaway slave and he stole a Confederate horse according to legend and wrote it out to the Oklahoma Territory. Oklahoma Territory during the Civil War years was kind of a refuge for deserters outlaws runaway slaves, a real interesting mix and according to legend when bass reeves got out there, you know he lived with the Creek in the Seminole tribes and that's when he learned how to shoot and again this is tall tales but they said that he was good with either hand with rifle or pistol and could shoot the hind leg off a a fly from a 100 yards away.

But once the emancipation proclamation was announced bass reeves was made a U.S. Marshal and he he took his job seriously, let's just say that he arrested over 3,000 outlaws he brought in 20 of them dead saying that he killed them in self-defense and he had the reputation of being someone who is for the common people the everyday folks he thought was a sacred duty to protect them from these these outlaws and he would occasionally wear a mask disguising himself as an outlaw to infiltrate their gangs and remember that he had lived with the Indian tribes and so he had a friend who was a Native American who would sometimes travel with. And he also had this interesting calling card he would throw silver dollars.

So if you brush down his white stallion the like to ride a pale horse, a dark figure on a pale horse. If you brush down his horse and fed him out see toss you a silver dollar if you pointed out or give information about an outlaw he was looking for he would throw a silver dollar and sometimes when he would run out of town. He would just throw the silver dollar to ever would find it.

He was buying goodwill certainly but that became his calling card. Pop culture historians look at bass Reeves figure and say here's a mask writer on a big white horse throwing silver. He had to be the inspiration for the lone ranger. Now friend as I said in an early age was a keen reader in writer and he had a vast library specially of Western books because he took his job of writing the lone ranger seriously.

So would striker have known bass Reeves, I think certainly. But there were many others whose criminal plans were to be challenged by the lone ranger his faithful Indian companion total and his great horse silver. The Ranger actually premiered in Buffalo on W E B R not a W X Y Z they wanted to do a test run and that was unusual so I think from the very beginning everybody thought that this lone ranger character that striker came up with was a little different had a lot of potential and then they took it to Detroit striker was continuing to write the lone ranger scripts in Buffalo and he was getting paid $4 a script.

So it was the start and it wasn't until November of 23 so almost you know 11 months of broadcasting before they were able to attract a sponsor which was Gordon bakery. Once the bakery came on board there was an infuse of cash they're able to market the lone ranger more advertise it more and offer to other radio stations to tie in as part of a limited syndication. And when that happened that's when the lone ranger really took off. Part of the appeal of the lone ranger was because he was born if you will during the Depression.

A lot of people felt that this and rightfully so this depression was no fault of their own their homes were taken their jobs were taken and there was no real justification for that and here comes a fictional character on the radio who was always helping the little guy and he was always helping the always helping the little guy going after the people that were trying to take something from them that they didn't deserve and here was a figure that was protecting them getting back what was stolen. They wanted someone that to ride into their lives, you know restore their jobs restore their homes bring back the repossessed furniture and on radio the lone ranger was doing that the very first episode that cover wagon days repurpose script dealt with a grown to say or who was trying to steal the rights of a mine this prospector had been searching for gold and silver all his life and you know had nothing to show for it and the essay or knew that there was you know a lot of money to be had in that mind. And it was the lone ranger who ended and silver actually who kicked over an old chimney and found the hidden documents that prove that the prospector was the one who was the rightful owner to the mind was trying to be stolen by big weeks.

And that really resonated with the people in 1933 in 1934. There was just a groundswell of people interested, especially the children, especially the kids and striker always went out of his way to make sure that the lone ranger always represented goodness always conducted himself in a moral way he made the decision early on that unlike bass Reeves he would never kill anybody he would only shoot to wound and shoot himself the fence and he actually wrote out the criteria for the real long Rangers behavior once they got so big that he had staff writers working for. The lone ranger is never shown without his mask or some sort of disguise. At all times the lone ranger uses perfect grammar and precise speech completely devoid of slang the lone ranger never wins against hopeless odds IE he's never seen escaping from a barrage of bullets merely by riding into the horizon names of unsympathetic characters are carefully chosen avoiding the use of 2 names as much as possible to even avoid further vicarious association more often than not a single nickname is selected criminals are never shown in unenviable positions of power and wealth and they never appear is either successful or glamorous. The lone ranger does not drink or smoke in saloon scenes are usually interpreted as cafes with waiters and food instead of bartenders and liquor. The story of how the lone ranger came to be continues here on our American stories.

our childhood cancer and save lives go to music gives dot work to donate and get your own shirt. Chipotle's new chicken al pastor is where fire meets flavor. Starting with chicken fresh off the grill combined into a rich marinade of seared marina peppers and ground achiote balanced with a splash of pineapple for the right amount of heat and finished with fresh lime and hand cut cilantro Chipotle's new chicken al pastor is fire on every level only available for a limited time. Order now in the app for pickup or delivery Chipotle for real.

What's up guys, I'm Scott this is nearly every person that comes into my home comments about how amazing it smells all thanks to the hotel collection sent a few Sir, I recently started using their scent diffuser here in my in Hills home and this is a must have product their hotel inspired sense make my place always smell like a luxury 5 star hotel, I don't know about you, but having a home that smells this good is priceless check out a hotel collection dot com to make sure your house is always smelling good too. And we return to our American stories and the final portion of our story on the lone Ranger and how it came to be with author Stephen you want to author of the book yesteryear again go to Amazon. The usual suspects and buy this book as you can tell by now even knows how to tell a gripping story when we last left off George W trendle and Fran striker had struck gold with friends repurpose script of a lesser known radio drama called covered wagon days and within a year of initial broadcast.

The lone Ranger had swept across the nation. The things are about to get a bit money for friends striker in particular with a peculiar and enticing offer from George trendle let's return to the story. And this has been described by strikers son as either the best deal in entertainment history or the worst deal in entertainment history depending on how you look at this.

This. Trendell knew of strikers personal situation, he knew how much he was getting paid you know $4 a script. He knew that he had over a dozen family members that he was supporting not counting his wife and now 2 children. And so he offered striker a contract to write exclusively for wxyz and it was more money than striker had ever made. It was enough to take care of his extended family that he was supporting still and live comfortably to be honest with you and it was also did something else a guaranteed job security through the depression. There was a stipulation however.

The stipulation to get this contract this exclusive writing deal with wxyz the nice salary. Stryker had to sell trendle all rights to the lone Ranger for $10. So striker was torn. He knew at this point that the Ranger was going in a direction that he had never experienced I think anyone knew it was can become as big and is enduring as it did but they knew and certainly trendle knew that this is a potential moneymaker on the other hand striker had all these miles he had to feed.

He could turn down the off it. It was just too much for him to pass on and I think perhaps that the best explanation of why striker did this is in the lone Ranger creed that he wrote and by all accounts from family and friends this creed was an extension of strikers own beliefs. Almost like a like the 10 Commandments of behavior. For the lone Ranger. I believe that to have a friend a man must be one that all men are created equal and that everyone has within himself the power to make this a better world God gives you firewood but you need to gather it that this government of the people by the people and for the people shall live always believing in taking care of nature which goes right back to strikers childhood in my crater my country.

My fellow man. One of those tenants states that man should live by the rule of what is best for the greatest number. And I think that explains why striker took that worst possible deal long term for his family. And and he signed the rights way for $10.

One of the tenants of the creed is that truth alone lives on forever. And I think as it became unclear in muddy who was the actual creator of the lone Ranger I think that tenant gave him some comfort. So it's striker signs the contract the lone Ranger becomes this national phenomenon. And strikers on the payroll of wxyz and to trendle's credit he honored the contract throughout the entire depression.

Once the depression was over. Stryker asked for a raise he hadn't gotten one since 34 and the miser Motown promptly fired striker because by that point the lone Ranger had been on the air for you know 6, 7, years they had the blueprint they had the kind of story arc to follow they had strikers notes on how the Ranger, you know should conduct themselves at all time they had the creed. But what happened was that the quality of writing dropped off so much after strikers brief absence that the sponsors for the various shows that he was writing pressured trendle in hiring to hire him back with the race.

Trendle that want to lose his sponsors. So he reluctantly hired striker back at the higher salary about this time in the 1940's trendle started claiming in interviews and articles that he was the creator not just the owner of the rights but he was the creator was his idea of the lone Ranger, not strikers and like anything else if you repeat a lie long enough people believe and so it gained strength. More people thought that George W trendle was the creator of the lone Ranger. And in fact even in his authorized biography on the front cover.

It says George W trendle the creator producer of the lone Ranger green Hornet sergeant Preston, the Yukon et cetera and even the last movie with with Johnny Depp if you stay until the credits roll at the end you'll see based on the characters created by George W trendle there was even a story circulating that striker wasn't brought in to work on the lone Ranger scripts until after it aired. Stryker handle all this with grace. And you should think about he could see how much money how much revenue the Ranger was producing for trendle now that trendle had the rights all the toys all the spinoff products all the giveaways the movies, the books, the comic books. And it could have been him. But he handled it with grace when he was asked in private by his friends or family. He would say that well the people in the radio industry they know the truth and leave it at that. If he was interviewed he would say only God creates striker never brought up the controversy. He never confronted trendle with the lie. And he continued to work for trendle up until the low ranger lights were were sold for 3 million dollars which is a record sale at that time.

And of course you know the money all went to trendle. I think it did bother strike right ahead had to strike a really did give his all and cared about the Ranger and felt a responsibility to the Rangers fans, especially the kids to make sure that he was an example, a true hero to those kids growing up it had to hurt unfortunately striker was killed in a car crash in 1962 still a young man things only 58 years old and he didn't live long enough to write his memoirs and tell his side of the story. And I think that premature death and is not writing his autobiography gave life to the lie because it could it continued what really to this day. I think the lone ranger is an iconic American hero and figure I think he is recognized by everybody worldwide. He is an enduring bankable media star striker. You know he used to say that the people in the radio business know and that's true. He's in the National broadcasters Hall of Fame, but he doesn't have the notoriety he's not acknowledge people don't know who he is the average person doesn't know who he is but he is in fact just on the lone ranger in the Green Hornet that was the only 2 scripts he ever wrote just on those 2 creations. He has a and deserves a place is one of the most influential and successful in the history of radio. Drama script right his accomplishments they were huge you'll be hard-pressed to find someone who had such a an impact and whose character we're able to move from radio to television to film to books to comic books. You'd be hard-pressed to find a character that generated that such a long period of time.

And a terrific job on the production editing and storytelling by our own Monty Montgomery and a special thanks to author even you want to in his book yesteryear is available at Amazon or the usual suspects and what a story he told by the way was it the best or worst deal of all time it was the worst deal of all time and clearly striker had to take care of his family may not have been a risk taker but boy if you want to do the wrong thing do what trendle did and become the greatest schmuck in history could just tie the guy in for a nice piece of the profits and still made a heck of a lot of money himself. The story of how the lone ranger came to be here on our American story. on vacation. Let's take a walk on the sand. Yes, and I'm craving some jerk chicken. Yes, and I want to go snorkeling. Yes.

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