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Don't miss out on this one-of-a-kind live. This is Lee Habib, and this is our American Stories, the show where America is the star and the American people. Our next storyteller is an economist and best-selling author of Fifty Things That Shape the Modern Economy. Tim Harford is here to tell the story about three of them.
So, air conditioning is a fascinating invention. There's a wonderful writer, Stephen Johnson, who argued that air conditioning elected Ronald Reagan. You think, well, how does how does that work?
Well, air conditioning. Changed the demographics of the United States. It enabled many more people to live comfortably in Texas, in Florida. All those people retiring to Florida and then starting to vote Republican.
So it's changing the political landscape of the United States. There is no way you can build a glass-walled skyscraper in Singapore or Dubai. Without air conditioning, it's completely impossible. There's no way that technology will work without air conditioning.
So it makes possible skyscrapers in warm climates. It makes a lot of things possible that we take for granted. Think about all those floors. These are roughly eighty, a hundred stories.
Now let's just chop them into. Single-story or two-story buildings, and distribute those buildings all over a big out-of-town office park. And think of all the car parks you need to have around them, and think of the enormous amount of space that that office park would take up.
Now, because they're all stacked on top of each other. You don't need the car parking. You don't need people driving their automobiles to get to this space. You just go in on the ground floor, get in the elevator, and you can be taken to any floor in the building.
So that—that's why I said to mass transit system. I think that that's absolutely an accurate description. How did it shape the world?
Well, it made the skyscraper possible. There is really no way you could realistically have a building more than. And that ten stories, unless you have a functioning elevator, or actually more to the point, the real innovation is is the elevator break, because we've had elevators for hundreds and hundreds of years, but nobody is going to get in an elevator that's going to go any serious height unless it's safe. And Elijah Otis. Invented the elevator brake, and he demonstrated it at one of these world's fairs.
It was a hugely theatrical demonstration. He was lifted up, up, up above the crowd, and standing behind him on this scaffolding, you'd imagine the the the drama of it. There is a guy with an executioner's axe. And he raises the axe as though he's about to strike off Otis's head, and he swings the axe down, and he chops the elevator rope, and everyone in the crowd screams, and the elevator falls about a quarter of an inch, and then Otis yells out to everybody, "All safe, gentlemen! All safe!" He's demonstrated that he has developed a safe way to make the elevator work.
And they are, in fact, incredibly safe. They make skyscrapers possible.
So the people who are who are concerned about energy efficiency and they talk about double glazing, they talk about insulation, they talk about all the ways that you can reduce the fuel consumption of a building. One of the the best ways of all is an elevator because you shift a lot of people using a counterweight, pack them all into a very dense area, and you can have a very low environmental impact. City like Manhattan, and yet still generate a tremendous amount of economic output of of income, and it's all possible because of the elevator. The idea of this book, the fifty inventions that that shape the modern economy, it's not to pick the fifty most important inventions. It's to try to surprise people a little bit, and to get them to look at everyday objects in a different way.
And the barcode is one of one of the great examples of that.
So, so the barcode was invented several times, really. But the real inventive moment, and I'm drawing a blank on the. Inventor's name for a second, that he was sitting at the beach, who's visiting his grandparents, and he was thinking of the time he'd spent as a boy scout, communicating in Morse code, and had been trying to figure out this problem: how do I create an automated till? And he dragged his fingers in a lazy circle through the sand, and then he looked down and he he saw he'd created a kind of bullseye. With his fingers, the ridges and the troughs, and he realised he could use those ridges and troughs to convey a code, Morse code.
And so the original barcodes were in fact bullseyes. The idea of the bullseye is where you can scan it in in any direction; it doesn't make any any difference. It's always the same. In the end, of course, the modern barcode is linear, and it took several decades to get the computers cheap enough and the lasers cheap enough. To make it a practical technology, and of course, the retailers didn't want to put the barcode scanners in until the food manufacturers had barcodes on their products, and the food manufacturers didn't want to bother putting barcodes on their products until the scanners existed to read them.
So there was this all this kind of you go first thing. I mean, Miller, I think, had been printing their labels on their beer bottles. Using the same technology for about sixty or seventy years, so the idea that you are going to retool in order to print these crazy barcodes, not very attractive, but in the end it was done, and it empowered Walmart and the the real big box retailers. Because it solved a problem that they had about keeping track of stock, about keeping the staff honest—they didn't put money in their own pocket.
So it really tilted the playing field in favor of the big players in integrating the American economy with the Chinese economy. They made a huge contribution there, whether you like it or not, to introducing these very, very cheap goods. And they couldn't have done it without the barcode. And a terrific job on the production, editing, and storytelling by our own Greg Hengler. And a special thanks to Tim Harford, author of Fifty Things That Shaped the Modern Economy.
This whole idea of the elevator break—it's just a—it's invention that changed the world. Actually. We don't have the modern city without it, and it was Elijah Otis who did it and demonstrated it at that World's Fair. I would have loved to have seen the video of that. And of course, when he did it, there wasn't the story of our modern economy and a few contributors: air conditioning, the elevator brake, and the barcode.
Here on our American stories. This is Lee Habib, host of Our American Stories. Every day, we set out to tell the stories of Americans, past and present, from small towns to big cities, and from all walks of life, doing extraordinary things. But we truly can't do this show without you. Our shows are free to listen to, but they're not free to make.
If you love what you hear, go to ouramericanstories.com and make a donation to keep the stories coming. That's ouramericanstories. dot com. If you're ready to feel confident again, visit orderlymeds.com to learn about which GLP-1 you may be eligible for. Getting started is fast, easy, and happens virtually through telemedicine from licensed professionals.
Gain confidence, choose healthy habits this fall. Check it out for yourself. Go to orderlymeds.com. That's orderlymeds.com. Taking care of yourself feels great.
Compounded medications are not FDA approved. Eligibility required and determined by a licensed provider. Individual results may vary. Website for details. Liberty has never been just a word to we Americans.
It has guided every one of our endeavors for the past two hundred and fifty years, and now it takes form in a new way. The twenty twenty six semi quincentennial coin and medal program from the United States Mint it celebrates the founding ideals that have long shaped our coinage. Available one year only, this historic collection features new coin designs, limited edition releases, and reissues. Shop new. Official coins at usmint.gov forward slash semiq.
That's usmint.gov slash semiq. Power Slap Twenty Four arrives in Las Vegas on Friday, October ninth at the Chelsea Theater at the Cosmopolitan. If you've never been to a Power Slap event, now is your chance to see one of the most exciting live sporting events on the planet. Power Slap tickets in Las Vegas start at sixty dollars and can be purchased on Ticketmaster or PowerSlap.com. That's Friday, October ninth in Las Vegas at the Cosmopolitan.
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We're so excited to be here to chat about our favorite thing in the entire world: college football. From the biggest headlines and breaking news to the stories shaping the sport behind the scenes, Rushing the Field is your home for everything college football. Whether you're obsessed with rankings, rivalries, or game day drama, we've got you covered. Watch rushing the field on NBC Sports now.
