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And we continue with our American stories. There's been an ongoing debate as to whether the Irish were the first slaves in the Americas predating the first black African slaves. almost a decade. Our next story comes to us from Colin D. Heaton and Mike Droberg.
two military veterans and the founders of the terrific YouTube channel Forgotten history. Their videos focus on military heroes, actions, and events spanning across the globe and are watched by hundreds of thousands of people. Here's Colin Heaton. with a story.
Some groups deny the Irish slavery under English and later British rule, claiming that this was nothing more than voluntary intention servitude, which did exist.
However The official British legal terminology used was indentured servants. Whether the servants in question had willingly signed the indenture contract to emigrate to the Americas or were forced to go, many were forced. Therefore, those transported unwillingly and effectively sold were not considered to be indentured. This included political prisoners, vagrants, convicts, Political activists. Thieves.
Prostitutes or people who had been defined as undesirable by the English government. The Irish introduction to slavery was during the first Viking raids in the year 795, lasting through the mid-9th century. This period saw the Irish killed and enslaved. Just like many other societies, the Vikings attacked. Most of these early raids were along the northern and eastern coast using hit and run tactics.
The Vikings would then flee with treasure and slaves, and return to either their holdings in Scotland or back to Norway. Usually, many slaves who were of value were ransomed back to their families, but others remained in captivity. Then, from the year 837 onward, larger targets, such as the greater monastic towns of Armagh, Glendalough, Kildare, Slane, Clonard, and Clon Macnoyes. And Lismore were hit by larger forces. These large-scale raids generally spared the smaller local churches and villages far inland, but slaves were still taken.
mostly to Scotland and Iceland. In eight seventy five Irish slaves in Iceland launched Europe's largest slave rebellion since the end of the Roman Empire. when Holfiolef Hulmarsson's slaves killed him and fled to Besmanayar. In 841, the port that became known as Dublin was taken and occupied by both Olaf and Ivar the Boneless. and by eight fifty three this part of Ireland was a Norse trading centre, and slaves were a large part of it.
but Irish resistance was not over. In nine eighty The Irish, under Male Sexnal Macdominale, King of Meath, fought and managed to defeat the Vikings and freed all of their slaves.
Some Vikings who remained assimilated and adapted to Christianity and became part of Irish society. The final nail in the coffin regarding Vikings Holding land and taking slaves was in 1014 at the Battle of Clantarf when Brian Barrew, High King of Ireland, attacked Dublin. aided by his allies, the Limerick Vikings. They fought other Irish allied to the local Vikings in Dublin, and Baru's forests won, and all the slaves were again freed. Thus, ending the legacy of constant Norse raids, whether from Danes or Norwegians.
In eleven fifty five Pope Adrian the Fourth supposedly gave Henry the Second of England a papal bull, granting the king the authority to invade Ireland however many historians believe that this authorization was a forgery. Regardless, Adrian's successor, Pope Alexander HIII, granted the lands of Ireland to Henry II, although it was not his land to give. The Normans were initially invited to Ireland by Dermot MacMurray, the deposed king of Leinster. In October 1171, King Henry II landed in Ireland and allowed Dermot to recruit soldiers and mercenaries. as Ireland was made up of several kingdoms at war with each other.
The city of Dublin and the surrounding area were under Norman occupation and would be called the Pale or the Safe Zone. Going beyond that was considered foolish, hence the term we use to day, going beyond the pale. Following the Battle of Kinsale, In sixteen oh one, the When the Irish and Spanish alliance was defeated, the Irish aristocracy fled to Europe, but the commoners remained. After nearly a decade King James I. of England gave permission for the English Governor General to collect and sell the captured Irish soldiers as slaves and send them to the New World in the Americas.
In sixteen twelve the first recorded Irish slaves were sold, possibly to the Portuguese and taken to the Amazon River basin, in their colony in modern day Brazil. This brought them to the New World. There has been some dispute as to whether these people were indentured servants or slaves, but it is clear that they were forced out of Ireland to the New World, so it seems illogical and ridiculous to assume that they went voluntarily, hence the status of slaves. It has been chronicled that in sixteen twenty five James the First's son, Charles the First, issued the decree But given the time line of James's death, it would appear that his son, Charles, probably did issue the royal decree authorizing the Irish slaves. This included prisoners captured, those deemed to be common criminals, and rabble rousers who were sold.
They were to become the property of the English plantation owners in the North American colonies. As a result, tens of thousands of Irish men and women were sent to the eastern American colonies as well as Guiana. Antigua and Montserrat, as well between 1629 and 1632. as other Caribbean locations over the next few decades were infiltrated. Mm-hmm.
By 1637, approximately 69% of the population of Montserrat were Irish. Many were indentured servants, yet some were slaves. The rationale was simple. Black slaves had to be purchased at a cost of around twenty to fifty pounds sterling, a huge sum of money in those days.
However, Irish slaves were sold for nine hundred pounds of cotton per person, but also traded for tobacco and indigo in a straight barter system. The Irish then became the largest source of slaves for English slave traders and plantation owners. Far surpassing the African slave trade until the early to mid-1700s. Between sixteen forty one during the Irish Rebellion to sixteen fifty two over five hundred and fifty thousand Irish were killed by English forces, and three hundred thousand more were sold as slaves, mostly military aged men. Their children, especially women and girls, were sold and considered quite valuable in the domestic service roles.
The greatest perpetrator of this was Oliver Cromwell, who defeated Charles I. in sixteen forty nine during the English Civil War, and had him executed. Cromwell, as Lord Protector, waged a ruthless war against the Irish, starting in sixteen forty nine. By sixteen fifty it is claimed that nearly twenty nine thousand Irish were sold to planters in St. Kitt.
During the decade of the sixteen fifties it is also claimed, as well as disputed, that around one hundred thousand Irish children, generally from ten to fourteen years of age, were taken from their parents, and were also sold, and sold themselves also as slaves or indentured servants in the West Indies, Virginia, the Carolinas, and New England. Between sixteen fifty one and sixteen sixty the Irish slaves far outnumbered the colonists in all areas. In sixteen fifty two Cromwell ordered that twelve thousand Irish were to be sold to Barbados. On one may sixteen fifty four his To Hell or To Connacht proclamation was issued during the Act of Settlement of sixteen sixty two. This was when the English began confiscating all Irish held lands.
and the native Irish were relocated west of the Shannon River. those who resisted were sent to the West Indies as slaves or executed. His own words proclaimed Those who fail to transplant themselves into Connaught or County Clare within six months shall be attained of high treason. are to be sent to America, or other parts beyond the seas. those banished, who return, ought to suffer the pains of death as felons by virtue of this act, without benefit of clergy.
The English could kill the Irish without penalty, but selling them offered great profit. It is claimed that over eighty thousand more Irish were sold, with fifty two thousand going to the colonies of Barbados and Virginia. Many argued that these were indentured servants, not slaves. Yet there are no records of contracts between those forcibly removed and their benefactors. One may assume that, given the barter system of using tobacco and cotton as a trade item for workers, that these deported Irish were, in fact, slaves.
In 1656, the Council of State ordered the roundup of 1,000 Irish girls and 1,000 Irish boys in their early teens, even some children. be rounded up and sold to Jamaican planters. as these would be children whose parents were already deported. The persons were Irish. and no indentured servant would be released to go to Jamaica.
These had to be forcibly exported Irish, who were already present in New York.
So, whether one accepts the reality of Irish slavery or not, the fact remains that there were Irish people forced into slavery. Therefore, those transported unwillingly and effectively sold were not considered to be indentured. These deported Irish were, in fact, slaves. And a terrific job on the production, editing, and storytelling by our own Greg Hengler. By the way, Colin Heaton and his buddy Mike Droeberg do terrific work on their YouTube channel, Forgotten History.
Just type Forgotten History on the YouTube bar and you'll find all of their great work. The line that tells it all, the English could kill the Irish without penalty. They could be sold price. Profitably, and that explains slavery throughout the world. It's so much more than skin color slavery.
It's about war, it's about the vulnerable, and it was always and still is about profit. The story of the Irish being the first slaves in America here. on Our American Stories. He's dribbling the ball with everything on the line. He's driving down the pitch.
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