This is an iHeart podcast. Guaranteed human. No one knows what the future holds, but you deserve a weather app that can help. Weatherbug is easy to use and provides forecasts for your every need, from storm warnings to pollen levels, right at your fingertips. Get the fastest local alerts and comprehensive 10-day forecasts wherever you are.
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Generated Assets is an interactive analysis tool. Output is for informational purposes only and is not an investment recommendation or advice. Complete disclosures available at public.com/slash. disclosures. There's a difference between liking a house and actually getting it.
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Kids, their drawings sparked a wild idea, brought to life by a Hollywood director, a stunt team, and the SUV that makes the unthinkable unforgettable. No tricks, just V6 power, practical effects, and the rugged new Pathfinder. Watch how it all came together and discover why JD Power ranks Nissan number one in new vehicle quality among mainstream brands. For JD Power 2025 U.S. Initial Quality Study Award information, visit jdpower.com slash awards.
Awards based on 2025 model year. Newer models may be shown. Uh This is Our American Stories. Ratified in 1868, the 14th Amendment is one of the most important post-founding era additions to our Constitution. After all, It explicitly gives everyone equal protection and due process under the law, regardless of what state you're in or what race you belong to.
And you can thank a lot of that to a Chinese laundry shop owner from San Francisco. Here to share the story of a landmark Supreme Court decision is Kirk Higgins, the Vice President of Content. at the Bill of Rights Institute. Let's get into the story. It was July 1885, and businessman Eli Yick strode down DuPont Street in San Francisco.
The Chinese immigrant was about to do something dangerous, something that could get him arrested at any time. He was not going to rob a bank or steal a horse or harm anyone. Is only so-called crime? Going to work. To open the laundry business, he had operated for more than two decades, even if it meant going to jail.
Uh Chinese immigrants like Yik played an important role in the settlement of the American West during the mid-1800s. Many were drawn to California by the gold rush, and thousands of Chinese immigrants helped build America's transcontinental railroad, often in difficult and dangerous conditions.
Some immigrants, like Yik, found success in operating service industries, such as laundries, for the wave of settlers to California. Yick established his business, Yick Wool Laundry, in San Francisco in the 1860s. It was one of hundreds of Chinese laundries in the city. But it is about to become the most important movement. As the American economy experienced a severe downturn in the 1870s, many white Californians blamed Chinese immigrants for taking away jobs, driving down wages, and failing to assimilate.
The San Francisco Board of Supervisors began passing a series of regulations targeting laundries owned by Chinese immigrants. Order No. 1569, passed on May 26, 1880, on its surface may not have seemed controversial. It shall be unlawful from and after the passage of this order for any person or persons to establish, maintain, or carry on a laundry without having first obtained the consent of the board of supervisors, except the same be located in a building constructed either of brick or stone. No more wooden facilities.
The purported reasoning was to reduce the risk of fires, but there was a whole lot more to the order than might appear at first blush. First, if San Francisco was looking to cut down on its number of wooden buildings, that was likely news to San Franciscans. Most of the buildings in the city were made of wood at that time. Plus, Yeek's laundry had been inspected by the city, and he had both fire and health certificates. Yik Woo Laundry was not some underground operation.
Rather, order number 1569 seemed to take direct aim at the laundries owned by Chinese immigrants. Of the more than 300 laundries in San Francisco, most were made of wood. and about two-thirds of the city's laundries were Chinese-owned. The true aim of the order became apparent as it was implemented by the city of San Francisco. Yick no longer had permission to operate his laundry.
He was not alarmed. 200 Chinese laundry owners. the San Francisco Board of Supervisors to continue operating their businesses. All two hundred requests were denied. To make matters worse, All but one of the 80 non-Chinese laundry owners who petitioned the city were allowed to continue to operate.
Yek refused to back down. he continued to operate his laundry just as he had for more than 20 years. When he was fined $10 by the city, he refused to pay, was arrested and spent 10 days in jail. In fact, he was one of more than 150 Chinese laundry workers who were arrested for violating the city's order. but it was going to take more than a fine or threats of arrest to stop him.
He was fighting for his livelihood and his rights.
Now he was headed to court. He believed the city of San Francisco was violating his 14th Amendment rights. The 14th Amendment states that the government may not make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. There seemed to be a strong case that Yik and his fellow Chinese business owners were being denied equal protection under the law. After all, they were being ordered to close their laundries while non-Chinese-owned laundries remained open.
Unfortunately, the Supreme Court of California disagreed. The court ruled that the city of San Francisco had properly, quote, regulated the places at which laundries should be established and the character of the buildings in which they are to be maintained. At this point, things were not looking promising for Yick and his fellow laundry owners. He had been ordered to close his business, fined, and arrested, and now he had lost his case before the state's highest court. But he was not ready to quit.
He appealed to the United States Supreme Court in what became the landmark case of Yikwo v. Hopkins. The Hopkins, in this case, was Peter Hopkins, sheriff of the San Francisco Police Department and the man responsible for enforcing the city's regulations on laundries. They had a difficult task in front of them. Anti-Chinese sentiment remained high in some parts of the country.
And Yik had already lost before the Supreme Court of California. In fact, California's highest court had refused to even consider the constitutional issues he had raised. But the U.S. Supreme Court had an entirely different view of the case. In May 1886, the court released a unanimous decision in favor of Yick and his co-plaintiff, ruling that their 14th Amendment rights had been violated.
Justice Stanley Matthews wrote a scathing opinion for the court, in which he claimed, Though the law itself be fair on its face and impartial in appearance, If it is applied and administrated by a public authority with an evil eye and unequal hand, so as practically to make unjust and illegal discriminations between persons in similar circumstances material to their rights, the denial of equal justice is still. within the prohibition of the Constitution. The very idea that one man may be compelled to hold his life or the means of his living or any material right essential to the enjoyment of his life. At the mere will of another seems to be intolerable in any country where freedom prevails. The city of San Francisco had provided no reason whatever that the Chinese laundry owners should not be able to continue their harmless and useful occupation for which they depend on a livelihood.
Matthews in the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Chinese laundries were only being closed because of, quote, hostility to the race and nationality to which the petitioners belonged. which in the eye of the law is not justified. The court ruled that the 14th Amendment rights of Yick and his co-plaintiff had been violated. That their imprisonment had been illegal, and that the decision of the Supreme Court of California should be reversed.
Yick Wo vs Hopkins became a landmark case, which has been cited more than 150 times since the decision was released. Powerful reminders that the law must protect us all equally for justice to prevail. And a terrific job on the production, editing, and storytelling by our own Monty Montgomery. And a special thanks to Kirk Higgins. He's the Vice President of Content at the Bill of Rights Institute.
You can learn more about the work they do, the important work they do, at mybri.org. Because, folks, where the Constitution intersects with our lives is in cases like this. These are real life litigants ending up before the Supreme Court. And I remember being in law school. And this case, I just hated the people of California for doing this to the Chinese, for targeting them.
And my goodness, in May of 1886. There was recourse and there was justice. This was a class of people getting discriminated against by the state. And my goodness, this case has been cited a hundred and fifty times. But again, it's where the rubber hits the road.
The Constitution protects all of us. from these kinds of aggressions. the state. The story of the Chinese laundry shop owner who changed American law forever. Here on Our American Stories.
No one knows what the future holds, but you deserve a weather app that can help. Weatherbug is easy to use and provides forecasts for your every need, from storm warnings to pollen levels, right at your fingertips. Get the fastest local alerts and comprehensive 10-day forecasts wherever you are. It's hyper-local, real-time, customizable alerts. Make sure the weather never takes you by surprise so you can plan every day with confidence.
Download the free weather bug app from the App Store today and start getting accurate weather forecasts 24-7. This is Julian Edelman from Games with Names. I want to take a second to talk about something that's personal to me. I've had the privilege of working closely with Robert Kraft for a long time. And one thing I've always respected is how seriously he takes up standing up to hate.
As a Jewish athlete my identity is something I am proud of. but I also know what it feels like to be singled out for it. That's why this new commercial for the Blue Square Alliance Against Hate that aired during the big game really hit home. It's about showing up for someone when they're targeted, even if you don't have the perfect words. And sometimes standing next to someone is enough.
and you can show support by sharing the blue square. Time for a sofa upgrade? Introducing Anibay sofas, where designer style meets budget-friendly prices. Anibay brings you the ultimate in furniture innovation with a modular design that allows you to rearrange your space effortlessly. Perfect for both small and large spaces, Anibay is the only machine-washable sofa inside and out.
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To test the new Pathfinder, Nissan turned to the boldest creators of all: kids. Their drawings sparked a wild idea, brought to life by a Hollywood director, a stunt team, and the SUV that makes the unthinkable unforgettable. No tricks, just V6 power, practical effects, and the rugged new Pathfinder. Watch how it all came together and discover why JD Power ranks Nissan number one in new vehicle quality among mainstream brands. For JD Power 2025 U.S.
Initial Quality Study Award information, visit jdpower.com slash awards. Awards based on 2025 model year. Newer models may be shown. I'm U.S. Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy.
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This is an iHeart podcast. Guaranteed human. Mm-hmm.
