This is an iHeart podcast. Guaranteed human. This is Sophie Cunningham from Show Me Something. Do you know the symptoms of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, or OSA, in adults with obesity? They may be happening to you without you knowing.
If anyone has ever said you snored loudly or if you spend your days fighting off excessive tiredness, irritability, and concentration issues, it may be due to OSA. OSA is a serious condition where your airway partially or completely collapses during sleep, which may cause breathing interruptions and oxygen deprivation. Learn more at don'tsleep on osa.com. This information is provided by Lilly, a medicine company. Mm-hmm.
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Of the rule of law in our lives. Here's our own Monty Montgomery with the story of a particularly dark time. in our nation's history. We value our rights. they're important.
And for the most part, They're protected. But on January 3rd, 1920, the rule of law in this country faced an unprecedented threat. Here is Larry Reid. President Emeritus of the Foundation for Economic Education, or FEE. with more.
I don't know. It was on the morning of January 3rd, 1920. that Americans woke up to discover just how little their own government regarded the cherished Bill of Rights. It was during the night that some 4,000 of their fellow citizens were rounded up And jailed for what amounted in most cases to no good reason at all and no due process either. This was the worst night of the Palmer raids.
They're largely forgotten today, but unfortunately they shouldn't be. They were a horrific, shameful episode in American history, one of the lowest moments for liberty since King George III quartered troops in private homes. The terror during the wee hours of January 3rd, 1920, literally shocked and frightened Americans from coast to coast. But to understand why the Palmer raids occurred, you have to understand the times in which they happened and know about the other infractions on civil liberties that occurred in tandem with them. During this time, roughly from the start of the First World War, or American entry, I should say, into World War I, and 1920, there was widespread suppression of speech and print publication.
The Wilson administration knew that many Americans were conflicted about whether or not we should enter the First World War. And so, as a response to that, it launched a sweeping propaganda campaign to instill hatred of both the German enemy abroad and disloyalty at home. Wilson himself publicly stated that disloyalty to the war effort, quote, must be crushed out. And that disloyal citizens had sacrificed their right to civil liberties like free speech and expression. Under intense pressure from the President, the Congress passed the Espionage Act.
Any person who made, quote, false reports or false statements with intent to interfere. With the official war effort, it could be punished with 20 years in prison or a fine of $10,000. And in today's money, that would be about a quarter million. It was amended. In May 1918, by the Sedition Act, which made the repression even worse.
That made it a crime to write or speak anything disloyal or abusive about the government, about the Constitution, the flag, or U.S. military uniform.
Now, you can just imagine how arbitrary such a provision in law is and how terrible the implementation of it is. It was totally arbitrary and quite abusive towards a lot of people. A good example of the administration's repression concerns the Hutterites. The Hutterites were pacifists, a religious community in the upper Great Plains, primarily North and South Dakota. And his administration, Wilson's, harassed and imprisoned Hutterite men who opposed the draft.
Two of them were actually killed in federal custody. Finally, the Hutterites did what they've been forced to do so many times in their history. They picked up and left the entire population of Hutterites in America, an estimated 11,000. left the country and migrated to Canada. Wilson's Attorney General strongly encouraged Americans to spy on each other.
He wanted them to become what he called volunteer detectives and report every suspicion to the Justice Department. And in a matter of months, The department was receiving about 1,500 accusations of disloyalty every single day. And meantime, the Postmaster General, Albert Burleson, jumped into the cause with both feet. He ordered that local postmasters must send him any publications they discovered that might embarrass the government. The post office even began destroying certain mail instead of delivering it, even banning certain magazines altogether.
In one case, an issue of a particular periodical was outlawed. For no more reason than it suggested that the war be paid for by taxes instead of loans. Reverend Clarence Waldron is a great example of how personal this repression was. He distributed a pamphlet claiming that the war was un-Christian. That's all he did.
And for that, he was sentenced to 15 years. In another case, there was a filmmaker named Robert Goldstein, and he got a 10-year prison sentence for producing a movie about the American Revolution. It was called The Spirit of 76. And his crime. was depicting the British in a negative light, which of course in 76, 1776, they were on the other side.
But they were allies now, so that sort of thing was a no-no. The administration was violating the rule of law by throwing the First Amendment to the curb in order to advance their political position. which you can't do because we're a nation of laws. Another dramatic violation of the rule of law was to Palmer raids themselves. Which violated the right to due process for many people who had done nothing wrong.
The Palmer raids really describe a couple different days, two months apart. Their name for Wilson's Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer, but he staged the first of the raids. on November 7th, 1919. And he had J.
Edgar Hoover. We know, as of course, the longtime head of the FBI. He had a young J. Edgar Hoover spearheading the operation, and federal agents scooped up hundreds of alleged radicals, subversives, communists, anarchists, undesirable but legal immigrants in 12 cities on that November 1919 day alone, some 650 in New York City.
Now the second round of Palmer Raids was the bigger one. It was January 2nd, 1920. that very night in the wee hours of the next morning. That was when the largest and most aggressive batch of federal raids was carried out. It was a night of terror.
About 4,000 arrests across 23 states, often without legitimate search warrants. The arrestees were frequently tossed into makeshift jails in substandard conditions. Leftists and leftist organizations were the targets, but even visitors to their meeting halls were caught up in the dragnet. Beatings, even in police stations, were not uncommon. The Attorney General, Mr.
Palmer, actually said, quote, If some of my agents out in the field were a little rough and unkind, or short and curt, with these alien agitators, I think it might well be overlooked.
Well, he overlooked things like the First Amendment as well. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is the bedrock of American liberty. Everything flows from that because the First Amendment says. Very specifically, Congress shall make no law Not some law. not occasional law, but Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press.
Or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for redress of grievances.
Well, the middle part of that, the prohibition against Abridging the freedom of speech and of the press is pivotal. I mean, once freedoms of speech and press are muzzled, by a government. It does not typically stop there. And so To me, the First Amendment is so critically important, and so few people in the history of the world Have been afforded the kind of protections that it is supposed to guarantee. We know from the experience under the Wilson administration.
that if government can take an inch, it will and it will take a mile beyond it. Fortunately, a new administration came into office and got rid of a lot of this stuff, but we should look back and be able to say to ourselves that that is a frightful experience in the repression of civil liberties that the First Amendment prohibited, and we're not going to let that ever happen again. And a special thanks to Larry Reid of the Foundation for Economic Education. And what a story about the Palmer Raids. The Voltaire quote: I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.
That's what the First Amendment is really all about. Our rule of law series, The Palmer Raids, a story about government power and government abuse, here on Our American Stories. Mm. This is Sophie Cunningham from Show Me Something. Do you know the symptoms of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea or OSA in adults with obesity?
They may be happening to you without you knowing. If anyone has ever said you snored loudly or if you spend your days fighting off excessive tiredness, irritability, and concentration issues, it may be due to OSA. OSA is a serious condition where your airway partially or completely collapses during sleep, which may cause breathing interruptions and oxygen deprivation. Learn more at don'tsleep on OSA.com. This information is provided by Lilly, a medicine company.
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Um 10 athletes will face the toughest job interview in fitness that will push past physical and mental breaking points. You are the fittest of the fit. Only one of you will leave here with an IFIT contract for $250,000. This is when mindset comes in.
Someone will be eliminated. Pressure is coming down. Trainer Games on Prime Video, January 8th. Watch the trailer on TrainerGames.com. This is an iHeart podcast.
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