The early church had to deal with the heresy of Gnosticism, which rejected the physical world and saw matter as inherently evil. Gnostics believed in a cosmology where God emanated from a higher spiritual realm, and the material world was a result of an intermediate creator. They also believed in a dualistic view of reality, separating spirit and matter. The Gnostics' view of Jesus was as a spiritual being who appeared in human form, but not as a physical person. This view was rejected by the early church, which saw it as fundamentally anti-Christian.
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