The doctrine of papal infallibility is a recent definition, declared by the Roman Catholic Church in 1870. The concept has its roots in early church history, with the Bishop of Rome playing a significant role in the development of the church. The struggle between Gallicanism and Ultramontanism in 19th century Europe contributed to the declaration of papal infallibility, which has had significant implications for the Catholic Church and its relationship with Protestantism.
[... more]